Pharmaceutical dosage form for an emulsion of simethicone and loperamide
A pharmaceutical dosage form comprises a capsule shell and a fill composition, wherein the fill composition comprises an emulsion of (a) simethicone, (b) loperamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (c) at least two surfactants, wherein the emulsion has a hydrophilic lipophilic balance ranging from about 8 to about 12. Also described are methods of making the pharmaceutical dosage forms and methods for treating humans suffering from gastrointestinal distress.
1 . An oral pharmaceutical dosage form comprising:
a capsule shell; and
a fill composition,
wherein the fill composition comprises a stable emulsion of (a) simethicone, (b) loperamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (c) at least one hydrophilic surfactant and at least one lipophilic surfactant,
wherein the at least one hydrophilic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) fatty acid esters, PEG esters, PEG ethers, PEG glycerides, saturated polyglycolysed glycerides, and combinations thereof,
wherein the at least one lipophilic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of macrogolglycerides, sorbitan esters, monoglycerides, diglycerides, glycol monoesters, glycol diesters, glyceryl esters, PEG esters, propylene glycol laurate, glyceryl monooleate, sorbitan monooleate, medium chain monoglycerides, medium chain diglycerides, and combinations thereof, and
wherein the surfactants have a combined hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) ranging from about 8 to about 12, wherein the HLB is determined via the Griffin equation.
2 . The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is loperamide hydrochloride.
3 . The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 2 , wherein the loperamide hydrochloride is present in an amount of 2 mg.
4 . The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the simethicone is present in an amount of 125 mg.
5 . The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the at least one hydrophilic surfactant is polysorbate 80 and the at least one lipophilic surfactant is sorbitan monooleate.
6 . The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the HLB ranges from about 9 to about 11.
7 . The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the fill composition further comprises an additional component selected from the group consisting of diluents, solvents, flavoring agents, and combinations thereof.
8 . The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the capsule shell is a hard capsule shell or a soft capsule shell.
9 . The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the capsule shell is a gelatin-based soft capsule shell.
10 . The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the capsule shell is a non-gelatin based capsule shell.
11 . The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 2 , wherein the loperamide hydrochloride is present in an amount of from about 0.2 w/w % to about 2.7 w/w % by weight of the fill composition.
12 . The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the simethicone is present in an amount of from about 4 w/w % to about 66 w/w % by weight of the fill composition.
13 . A process of preparing the pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1 comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing the fill composition; and
(b) encapsulating the fill composition in the capsule shell.
14 . The process of claim 13 , wherein step (a) comprises making the emulsion.
15 . The process of claim 14 , wherein step (a) comprises a sub-step (a1) of making a solution of loperamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
16 . The process of claim 15 , wherein the solution is made by dissolving the loperamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in a solvent selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, water and combinations thereof.
17 . The process of claim 16 further comprising adding an antioxidant to the solution.
18 . The process of claim 13 , wherein step (a) comprises a sub-step (a2) of diluting the simethicone with isopropyl myristate.
19 . The process of claim 13 , wherein the emulsion is made without the use of high shear mixing.
20 . A method of treating a human having gastrointestinal distress characterized by the symptoms of diarrhea and/or flatulence or gas comprising:
orally administering to the human in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1 .