Tandem solar cell manufacturing method
Discussed is a tandem solar cell manufacturing method including etching a crystalline silicon substrate, whereby a solar cell can be obtained which does not have a pyramid-shaped defect on a surface of the substrate, inhibits the generation of a shunt through the substrate having excellent surface roughness properties, and can secure fill factor properties, the solar cell being capable of being obtained through the tandem solar cell manufacturing method. The method includes preparing a crystalline silicon substrate; performing an isotropic etching process of the substrate; and removing a saw damage on a surface of the substrate by performing an anisotropic etching process of the isotropically etched substrate.
1. A method for manufacturing a tandem solar cell, the method comprising:
preparing a crystalline silicon substrate;
performing a first isotropic etching process of the crystalline silicon substrate;
removing a saw damage on a surface of the crystalline silicon substrate by performing an anisotropic etching process of the isotropically etched crystalline silicon substrate;
performing a second isotropic etching of the crystalline silicon substrate after the anisotropic etching;
positioning a second solar cell on the crystalline silicon substrate from which the saw damage is removed and is flattened;
positioning a middle layer on the second solar cell; and
positioning a first solar cell on the middle layer.
2. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the first and second isotropic etching processes are performed using an acid.
3. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 2 , wherein the acid is a mixed acid with nitric acid (HNO 3 ) and hydrofluoric acid (HF), and has a mixing ratio of 100:1 to 10:1.
4. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the anisotropic etching process is performed using an alkali.
5. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 4 , wherein the alkali is 1 to 10% by weight of a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.
6. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 3 , wherein an etching solution including the acid further comprises at least one additive of an organic solvent, a phosphate, a reaction modifier, or a surfactant.
7. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 1 , wherein an anisotropic etching process time of the anisotropic etching process is 5 to 10 minutes.
8. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline silicon substrate from which the saw damage is removed has no pyramid-shaped defect.
9. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the first solar cell has a band gap that is greater than a band gap of the second solar cell.
10. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 9 , wherein the first solar cell is a perovskite solar cell and the second solar cell is a crystalline silicon solar cell.
11. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 1 , wherein an isotropic etching process time of the first and second isotropic etching processes is longer than or equal to an anisotropic etching process time of the anisotropic etching time.
12. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 1 , wherein a process temperature of each of the first and second isotropic etching processes and the anisotropic etching process is room temperature to approximately 150° C.
13. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 8 , wherein the pyramid-shaped defect before removal has a width and a height of approximately 1 μm to 100 μm.
14. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the second solar cell is positioned on a flat substrate of the crystalline silicon substrate from which the saw damage is removed and is with no texture.
15. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the second solar cell comprises a first semiconductor type layer and a second semiconductor type layer.
16. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 15 , wherein at least one of the first semiconductor type layer or the second semiconductor type layer comprises an amorphous silicon layer.
17. The method for manufacturing the tandem solar cell of claim 9 , wherein the first solar cell comprises a perovskite absorption layer with a material having a formula of FA 1-x Cs x PbBr y I 3-y , where 0≤x≤1 and 0≤y≤3.
18. A method for manufacturing a tandem solar cell, the method comprising:
providing a crystalline silicon substrate having saw damage from being cut into wafers by a saw wire;
performing a saw damage etching process without generating a plurality of pyramid-shaped defects,
wherein the saw damage etching process comprises a first isotropic etching process of the crystalline silicon substrate, an anisotropic etching process of the isotropically etched crystalline silicon substrate, and a second isotropic etching process of the crystalline silicon substrate after the anisotropic etching process;
positioning a second solar cell on the crystalline silicon substrate from which the saw damage is removed and is flattened;
positioning a middle layer on the second solar cell; and
positioning a first solar cell on the middle layer.