Uses of oxygenated cholesterol sulfates (OCS)
Methods of preventing and/or treating ischemia, organ dysfunction and/or organ failure, including multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and necrosis and apoptosis associated with organ dysfunction/failure, are provided. For instance, the methods involve contacting organ(s) with an oxygenated cholesterol sulfate (OCS), e.g. 5-cholesten-3,25-diol, 3-sulfate (25H-C3S). The organ(s) may be in vivo (e.g. in a patient that is treated with the OCS) or ex vivo (e.g. an organ that has been harvested from a donor and is to be transplanted).
1. A method of treating acute liver dysfunction or acute liver failure in a human subject in need thereof, comprising
administering to the human subject an amount of a sodium salt of 5-cholesten-3,25-diol, 3-sulfate (25HC3S) that is sufficient to treat the acute liver dysfunction or acute liver failure, wherein the acute liver dysfunction or acute liver failure comprises alcoholic hepatitis.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by reduced liver function that occurs within 13 weeks of onset.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by reduced liver function that occurs within 10 weeks of onset.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by loss of liver function that occurs within 13 weeks of onset.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by loss of liver function that occurs within 10 weeks of onset.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering is performed by at least one of orally, subcutaneously, and intramuscularly.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering is performed intravenously.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering comprises injection.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium salt of 25HC3S is administered in a formulation further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium salt of 25HC3S is administered at a dose ranging from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium salt of 25HC3S is administered at a dose ranging from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sodium salt of 25HC3S is administered at a dose ranging from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering is performed from once to 3 times per day.
14. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sodium salt of 25HC3S is administered at a dose ranging from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg.
15. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sodium salt of 25HC3S is administered at a dose ranging from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg.
16. The method of claim 4 , wherein the sodium salt of 25HC3S is administered at a dose ranging from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg.
17. The method of claim 5 , wherein the sodium salt of 25HC3S is administered at a dose ranging from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg.
18. The method of claim 7 , wherein the sodium salt of 25HC3S is administered at a dose ranging from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg.
19. The method of claim 8 , wherein the sodium salt of 25HC3S is administered at a dose ranging from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg.
20. The method of claim 9 , wherein the sodium salt of 25HC3S is administered at a dose ranging from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human subject has jaundice prior to treatment.