Preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines
This invention relates to a method for the preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines. The method can include a silica removal step, capturing lithium chloride, recovering lithium chloride, supplying lithium chloride to an electrochemical cell and producing lithium hydroxide, contacting the lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide to produce lithium carbonate.
1. A process for recovery of lithium from a brine, the process comprising the steps of:
providing a brine comprising lithium chloride, silica, and iron;
contacting the brine with activated alumina to remove a portion of the silica from the brine;
oxidizing the brine with an oxidant to convert a portion of the iron to iron (III) chloride;
adjusting the pH of the brine to greater than 5 from an initial pH to precipitate ferric hydroxide;
recovering lithium chloride from the brine to produce a lithium chloride-rich stream;
concentrating the lithium chloride in the lithium chloride-rich stream using reverse osmosis; and
converting the lithium chloride in the lithium chloride-rich stream to lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, or both.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the brine is a geothermal brine or a Salton Sea geothermal brine.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lithium chloride-rich stream is further concentrated via thermal or other concentration stream.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein a concentration of lithium chloride in the lithium chloride-rich stream is between 1 wt. % and 42 wt. %.
5. The process of claim 1 , further comprising removing calcium, magnesium and/or boron from the lithium chloride-rich stream to form a substantially calcium, magnesium and/or boron free brine.
6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising removing calcium and magnesium from the lithium chloride-rich stream using precipitation to form a substantially calcium and magnesium free brine.
7. The process of claim 1 , further comprising removing boron from the lithium chloride-rich stream using an ion exchange and/or solvent extraction to form a substantially calcium, magnesium and/or boron free brine.
8. The process of claim 1 , further comprising removing any remaining divalent ions from the lithium chloride-rich stream using ion exchange.