Multi-phase EMI and transient protection circuits and synchronous rectification control for compressors of refrigeration systems
A drive for a mobile compressor includes EMI and transient protection circuits, second chokes, converters and an inverter. The EMI and transient protection circuits include respectively common mode chokes and at least one component. Each of the common mode chokes is configured to receive a first direct current voltage and is connected to first and second grounds. The at least one component is connected to a third ground. The first, second and third grounds are at different voltage potentials. The second chokes are connected downstream from the common mode chokes. The converters are connected to outputs of the second chokes and are configured to collectively provide a second direct current voltage to a direct current bus. The inverter is connected to the direct current bus and configured to convert the second direct current voltage to an alternating current voltage to power the mobile compressor downstream from the inverter.
1. A drive for a mobile compressor, the drive comprising:
a plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprising respectively a plurality of common mode chokes and at least one component, wherein each of the plurality of common mode chokes is configured to receive a first direct current voltage and is connected to a first ground and a second ground, wherein the at least one component of each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits is connected to a third ground, wherein the first ground, the second ground and the third ground are at different voltage potentials;
a second plurality of chokes connected downstream from the plurality of the common mode chokes;
a plurality of converters connected to outputs of the second plurality of chokes and configured to collectively provide a second direct current voltage to a direct current bus; and
an inverter connected to the direct current bus and configured to convert the second direct current voltage to an alternating current voltage to power the mobile compressor downstream from the inverter.
2. The drive of claim 1 , wherein:
the first ground is a negative battery terminal;
the second ground is a negative voltage bus reference for the second direct current voltage; and
the third ground is a chassis ground.
3. The drive of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises an electromagnetic interference filter and a transient protection component, which are connected to the first ground or the second ground.
4. The drive of claim 3 , wherein:
the electromagnetic interference filters comprise capacitors; and
the transient protection components include varistors.
5. The drive of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of converters are implemented as a plurality of synchronous rectifiers.
6. The drive of claim 5 , further comprising a controller configured to control the plurality of synchronous rectifiers, such that each of the plurality of converters provides a respective portion of a full cycle of an output signal provided to the inverter,
wherein the plurality of synchronous rectifiers collectively provide the output signal on the direct current bus, and wherein the output signal includes the second direct current voltage.
7. The drive of claim 6 , wherein:
the plurality of synchronous rectifiers generate respective outputs; and
the controller is configured to control the plurality of synchronous rectifiers, such that each of the outputs of the plurality of synchronous rectifiers is phase shifted from other ones of the plurality of synchronous rectifiers.
8. The drive of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of synchronous rectifiers are bi-directional and independently controlled to operate in a forward mode to power the mobile compressor and in a reverse mode to charge a direct current source.
9. The drive of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises a damping circuit upstream from a corresponding one of the plurality of common mode chokes.
10. The drive of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises an electromagnetic interference filter upstream from a corresponding one of the plurality of common mode chokes.
11. The drive of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises one or more transient protection components upstream from a corresponding one of the plurality of common mode chokes.
12. The drive of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises a plurality of Y-capacitors having different capacitances downstream from a corresponding one of the plurality of common mode chokes.
13. The drive of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises an X-capacitor downstream from a corresponding one of the plurality of common mode chokes.
14. The drive of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises one or more transient protection components upstream from a corresponding one of the plurality of common mode chokes.
15. The drive of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises a diode configured to bypass current from a corresponding one of the plurality of common mode chokes to the direct current bus, such that the current bypasses a corresponding one of the second plurality of chokes and a corresponding one of the plurality of converters.
16. The drive of claim 1 , further comprising a charging circuit connected upstream of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits and configured to receive power from a direct current source and charge capacitors of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits.
17. The drive of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of charging circuits downstream of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits and configured to control transfer of power from the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits to the second plurality of chokes.
18. A drive for a mobile compressor, the drive comprising:
a plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits each configured to receive a first direct current voltage and are connected to a first ground or a second ground, wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises an electromagnetic interference filter and a transient protection component, wherein the electromagnetic interference filters and the transient protection components are connected to a third ground, and wherein the first ground, the second ground and the third ground are at different voltage potentials;
a first plurality of chokes connected downstream from the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits;
a plurality of synchronous rectifiers connected to outputs of the first plurality of chokes and configured to collectively provide a second direct current voltage to a direct current bus; and
an inverter configured to convert the second direct current voltage to an alternating current voltage to power the mobile compressor downstream from the inverter.
19. The drive of claim 18 , wherein:
the first ground is a negative battery terminal;
the second ground is a negative voltage bus reference for the second direct current voltage; and
the third ground is a chassis ground.
20. The drive of claim 18 , wherein:
the electromagnetic interference filters include capacitors; and
the transient protection components include varistors.
21. The drive of claim 18 , further comprising a controller configured to control the plurality of synchronous rectifiers, such that each of the plurality of synchronous rectifiers provides a respective portion of a full cycle of an output signal provided to the inverter,
wherein the plurality of synchronous rectifiers collectively provide the output signal on the direct current bus, and wherein the output signal includes the second direct current voltage.
22. The drive of claim 21 , wherein:
the plurality of synchronous rectifiers generate respective outputs; and
the controller is configured to control the plurality of synchronous rectifiers, such that each of the outputs of the plurality of synchronous rectifiers is phase shifted from other ones of the plurality of synchronous rectifiers.
23. The drive of claim 18 , wherein the plurality of synchronous rectifiers are bi-directional and independently controlled to operate in a forward mode to power the mobile compressor and in a reverse mode to charge a direct current source.
24. The drive of claim 18 , wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises a diode configured to bypass current to the direct current bus, such that the current bypasses a corresponding one of the first plurality of chokes and a corresponding one of the plurality of synchronous rectifiers.
25. The drive of claim 18 , wherein the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprise respectively a second plurality of chokes.
26. The drive of claim 25 , wherein the second plurality of chokes are common mode chokes.
27. The drive of claim 26 , wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises a damping circuit upstream from a corresponding one of the common mode chokes.
28. The drive of claim 26 , wherein each of the electromagnetic interference filters is upstream from a corresponding one of the common mode chokes.
29. The drive of claim 26 , wherein each of the transient protection components is upstream from a corresponding one of the common mode chokes.
30. The drive of claim 26 , wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises a plurality of Y-capacitors having different capacitances downstream from a corresponding one of the common mode chokes.
31. The drive of claim 26 , wherein each of the plurality of electromagnetic interference and transient protection circuits comprises an X-capacitor downstream from a corresponding one of the common mode chokes.
32. The drive of claim 26 , wherein each of the transient protection components is upstream from a corresponding one of the common mode chokes.
33. The drive of claim 26 , wherein each of the transient protection components is downstream from a corresponding one of the common mode chokes.