Ghost image mitigation in see-through displays with pixel arrays
A head-mounted apparatus include an eyepiece that include a variable dimming assembly and a frame mounting the eyepiece so that a user side of the eyepiece faces a towards a user and a world side of the eyepiece opposite the first side faces away from the user. The dynamic dimming assembly selectively modulates an intensity of light transmitted parallel to an optical axis from the world side to the user side during operation. The dynamic dimming assembly includes a variable birefringence cell having multiple pixels each having an independently variable birefringence, a first linear polarizer arranged on the user side of the variable birefringence cell, the first linear polarizer being configured to transmit light propagating parallel to the optical axis linearly polarized along a pass axis of the first linear polarizer orthogonal to the optical axis, a quarter wave plate arranged between the variable birefringence cell and the first linear polarizer, a fast axis of the quarter wave plate being arranged relative to the pass axis of the first linear polarizer to transform linearly polarized light transmitted by the first linear polarizer into circularly polarized light, and a second linear polarizer on the world side of the variable birefringence cell.
1. A head-mounted apparatus, comprising:
an eyepiece comprising a dynamic dimming assembly; and
a frame mounting the eyepiece so that, during use of the head-mounted apparatus, a user side of the eyepiece faces a towards a user of the head-mounted apparatus, and a world side of the eyepiece opposite the first side faces away from the user,
wherein the dynamic dimming assembly is configured to selectively modulate an intensity of light transmitted parallel to an optical axis from the world side of the eyepiece to the user side of the eyepiece during operation of the head-mounted apparatus, the dynamic dimming assembly comprising:
a variable birefringence cell comprising a plurality of pixels each having an independently variable birefringence;
a first linear polarizer arranged on the user side of the variable birefringence cell, the first linear polarizer being configured to transmit light propagating parallel to the optical axis linearly polarized along a pass axis of the first linear polarizer orthogonal to the optical axis;
a quarter wave plate arranged between the variable birefringence cell and the first linear polarizer, a fast axis of the quarter wave plate being arranged relative to the pass axis of the first linear polarizer to transform linearly polarized light transmitted by the first linear polarizer into circularly polarized light; and
a second linear polarizer on the world side of the variable birefringence cell.
2. The head-mounted apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the dynamic dimming assembly further comprises an optical retarder arranged between the variable birefringence cell and the second linear polarizer.
3. The head-mounted apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the optical retarder is a second quarter wave plate.
4. The head-mounted apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the optical retarder is an A-plate with a retardation greater than a retardation of the quarter wave plate.
5. The head-mounted apparatus of claim 2 , wherein a difference between a retardation of the optical retarder and a retardation of the quarter wave plate corresponds to a residual retardation of the variable birefringent cell in a minimum birefringence state.
6. The head-mounted apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the variable birefringence cell comprises a layer of a liquid crystal.
7. The head-mounted apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the liquid crystal is configured in an electrically controllable birefringence mode.
8. The head-mounted display of claim 6 , wherein the layer of the liquid crystal is a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer.
9. The head-mounted display of claim 6 , wherein the liquid crystal is a nematic phase liquid crystal.
10. The head-mounted display of claim 1 , wherein the pixels of the variable birefringence cell are actively addressed pixels.
11. The head-mounted apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the eyepiece further comprises a see-through display mounted in the frame on the user side of the dynamic dimming assembly.
12. The head-mounted apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the see-through display comprises one or more waveguide layers arranged to receive light from a light projector during operation of the head-mounted apparatus and direct the light toward the user.
13. The head-mounted apparatus of claim 12 , further comprising one or more index-matching layers arranged between the see-through display and the dynamic dimming assembly.
14. The head-mounted apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the dynamic dimming assembly comprises one or more antireflection layers.
15. An augmented reality system comprising the head-mounted apparatus of claim 1 .
16. A head-mounted apparatus, comprising:
an eyepiece comprising a dynamic dimming assembly; and
a frame mounting the eyepiece so that, during use of the head-mounted apparatus, a user side of the eyepiece faces a towards a user of the head-mounted apparatus, and a world side of the eyepiece opposite the user side faces away from the user,
wherein the dynamic dimming assembly is configured to selectively modulate an intensity of ambient light transmitted parallel to an optical axis from the world side of the eyepiece to the user side of the eyepiece during operation of the head-mounted apparatus, the dynamic dimming assembly comprising:
a layer of a liquid crystal;
a circular polarizer arranged on the user side of the liquid crystal layer and configured to circularly polarize the ambient light; and
a linear polarizer on the world side of the liquid crystal layer and configured to linearly polarize the ambient light.
17. The head-mounted apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the circular polarizer comprises a linear polarizer and a quarter wave plate.
18. The head-mounted apparatus of claim 17 , further comprising an A-plate arranged between the linear polarizer on the world side of the liquid crystal layer.
19. The head-mounted apparatus of claim 16 , comprising a pixelated cell comprising the layer of the liquid crystal, the pixelated cell being an actively addressed pixelated cell.