Ultra-white silica-based filler
An ultra-white granular silica-based filler comprises at least 99.5 wt. % silica, wherein the crystal structure of the silica is such that the silica-based filler comprises 40 to 80 wt. % cristobalite, 1 to 25 wt. % tridymite, 2-60 wt. % quartz and <5 wt. % amorphous silica, wherein the temperature of the ultra-white granular silica-based filler is no higher than 50° C. and further wherein the ultra-white granular silica-based filler exhibits an L* value in the CIELAB color space of 95-98. In addition, an ultra-white powder filler is obtained by milling, grinding or comminuting the ultra-white granular silica-based filler. The ultra-white powder filler exhibits an L* value in the CIELAB color space of 95-98.5.
1. An ultra-white granular silica-based filler comprising at least 99.5 wt. % silica, wherein the crystal structure of the silica is such that the ultra-white granular silica-based filler comprises 33 to 60 wt. % cristobalite, 1 to 25 wt. % tridymite, 30 to 50 wt. % quartz and ≤2 wt. % amorphous silica, wherein the temperature of the ultra-white granular silica-based filler is 50° C. or less and further wherein the ultra-white granular silica-based filler exhibits an L* value in the CIELAB color space of 95-98.
2. The ultra-white granular silica-based filler of claim 1 , wherein the silica-based filler has a minimum particle size of 170 mesh.
3. The ultra-white granular silica-based filler of claim 1 , wherein the ultra-white granular silica-based filler is made by heating a silica starting material comprising at least 95% quartz silica.
4. The ultra-white granular silica-based filler of claim 2 , wherein the silica starting material is a waste sand by-product produced by a sand plant.
5. The ultra-white granular silica-based filler of claim 4 , wherein the ultra-white granular silica-based filler consists of the composition obtained after thermal processing without additional ingredients being added.
6. An ultra-white powder filler obtained by milling, grinding or comminuting the ultra-white granular silica-based filler of claim 1 to a particle size of 325 mesh or finer.
7. The ultra-white powder filler of claim 6 exhibiting an L* value in the CIELAB color space of 95-98.5.
8. A man-made product comprising a filler and a binder, wherein the filler comprises the ultra-white granular silica-based filler of claim 1 .
9. The man-made product of claim 8 , wherein the product is one of engineered stone, mortar, grout, adhesives, sealants and concrete.
10. A process for producing an ultra-white granular silica-based filler according to claim 1 comprising heating a silica starting material comprising at least 95% quartz silica for a time and at a temperature sufficient so that at least some of the silica in the silica starting material is converted from a quartz crystal structure to a cristobalite crystal structure and thereafter cooling the heated product so made to 50° C. or less, wherein the silica starting material is heated sufficiently so that 30 to 50 wt.% of the silica in the ultra-white granular silica-based filler ultimately obtained has a quartz crystal structure and further so that the ultra-white granular silica-based filler contains ≤2 wt.% amorphous silica and exhibits an L* value in the CIELAB color space of 95-98.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the silica starting material includes a fluxing agent which contains chemically combined sodium and/or potassium.
12. The process of claim 10 , wherein the silica starting material has a particle size of 30-170 mesh.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the silica starting material is derived from a waste sand by-product produced by a sand plant.
14. The process of claim 10 , wherein the silica starting material is heated to a temperature of no more than 1500° C. for no more than 45 minutes.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the silica starting material is heated to a temperature of no more than 1375° C. for no more than 45 minutes.
16. The process of claim 14 , wherein the silica starting material is heated to a temperature of no more than 1500° C. for no more than 20 minutes.
17. The process of claim 14 , wherein the silica starting material is heated to a temperature of no more than 1375° C. for no more than 30 minutes.
18. The process of claim 14 further comprising milling, grinding or comminuting the resulting ultra-white granular silica-based filler to obtain an ultra-white powder filler having particle size of 325 or finer.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein the ultra-white powder filler exhibits an L* value in the CIELAB color space of 95-98.5.