Bioderived heat transfer fluids and methods of making the same
The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a lignin-derived mixture that includes at least one of a dimer, a trimer, and/or a tetramer, where the composition is characterized by a thermal stability up to a maximum temperature between about 260° C. and about 300° C.
1. A composition comprising:
a lignin-derived mixture comprising at least one of a dimer, a trimer, or a tetramer, wherein:
the dimer, the trimer, or the tetramer comprise a linkage type of at least one of a bibenzyl (β-1′) linkage, an α-O-4′ alkyl aryl ether linkage, a β-O-4′ alkyl aryl ether linkage, a diaryl ether (4-O-5′) linkage, a phenyl coumaran (β-5′) linkage, a resinol (β-β′) linkage, or a biphenyl (5-5′) linkage, and
the composition is characterized by a thermal stability up to a maximum temperature between 260° C. and 300° C.
2. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a heat capacity between 0.5 kJ/kg° C. and 4.0 kJ/kg° C.
3. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a molecular weight between 200 Da and 750 Da.
4. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a dynamic viscosity between greater than zero cP and 15 cP.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the dimer comprises at least one of 3,3′-dimethoxy-5,5′-dipropyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-diol or 2-(2,6-dimethoxy-4-propylphenoxy)-6-methoxy-4-propylphenol.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the trimer comprises at least one of 4-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-1-yl]-2-methoxy-6-(2-methoxy-4-propylphenoxy)phenol or 1-(2,3-dimethyl-4-phenylbutyl)-3-(4-propylphenoxy)benzene.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the tetramer comprises at least one of 5-{1-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-propylphenoxy)-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]propan-2-yl}-3,3′-dimethoxy-5′-propyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-diol or 3-propyl-3′-{1-[4-(3-propylphenoxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl}-1,1′-biphenyl.
8. A method comprising:
contacting a first oil with a solvent to create a mixture comprising a light phase and a heavy phase, wherein:
the solvent comprises an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon,
the first oil comprises a lignin-derived compound comprising at least one of a dimer, a trimer, or a tetramer,
the dimer, the trimer, or the tetramer comprise a linkage type of at least one of a bibenzyl (β-1′) linkage, an α-O-4′ alkyl aryl ether linkage, an β-O-4′ alkyl aryl ether linkage, a diaryl ether (4-O-5′) linkage, a phenyl coumaran (β-5′) linkage, a resinol (β-β′) linkage, or a biphenyl (5-5′) linkage, and
the contacting transfers at least a portion of the lignin-derived compound from the first oil to the light phase.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the solvent comprises at least one of an ether or a ketone.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the solvent comprises ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE).
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the contacting is performed at a first temperature between −50° C. and 230° C.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the contacting comprises:
evaporating at least a portion of the solvent to form a vapor;
condensing at least a portion of the vapor to form a condensate; and
returning the condensate to the mixture.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein, during the contacting, the first oil and solvent are present at a ratio between 1 g of first oil to 1 ml of solvent and 1 g of first oil to 100 ml of solvent.
14. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
drying the light phase resulting in the forming of a vapor phase and a second oil comprising the lignin-derived compound.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising distilling the second oil resulting in the forming of a lower molecular weight (MW) stream comprising the lignin-derived compound and a higher MW stream.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the distilling is performed in a distillation column having multiple stages positioned between a bottom and an overhead,
the higher MW stream exits the distillation column at the bottom, and
the lower MW stream exits the distillation column at the overhead.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the bottom is maintained at a second temperature between 20° C. and 300° C.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the overhead is maintained at a third temperature that is less than the second temperature.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the overhead is maintained at a pressure between 5 mTorr and 30 mTorr.
20. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the linkage type further comprises at least one of a linkage of a heterocyclic-ring-opened β-5′ derivative or a linkage of a heterocyclic-ring-opened β-β′ derivative.
21. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the dimer further comprises 2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-6-methoxy-4-propylphenol.
22. The method of claim 8 , wherein the linkage type further comprises at least one of a linkage of a heterocyclic-ring-opened β-5′ derivative or a linkage of a heterocyclic-ring-opened β-β′ derivative.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the dimer further comprises 2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-6-methoxy-4-propylphenol.