Power supply and power clamping method at high ambient temperatures
A resonant power converter is disclosed with a method of limiting output current therefrom. A switch operating frequency is regulated to provide output current to a load, wherein an error signal corresponds to a difference between the output current and a reference value. The error value is fed back to switch operating frequency control circuit via an optocoupler. A maximum detector diode current for the optocoupler is clamped to a maximum value when the error signal exceeds or equals a clamping threshold value. The clamping threshold value may correspond to a maximum output current at a maximum normal operating temperature, wherein the method utilizes the relationship between ambient temperature and the current transfer ratio (CTR) for the optocoupler. The CTR decreases when the detector diode current is clamped, which decreases output current and output power, reducing power loss in the enclosure and relieving thermal stress at high temperatures.
1. A power converter, comprising:
first and second switching elements coupled across a direct current (DC) power source;
a resonant circuit coupled between an isolation transformer primary winding and an output node between the first and second switching elements;
a current sensing circuit coupled to a secondary winding of the isolation transformer, and configured to provide a current sensing output signal representative of an output current through an output load;
a feedback circuit configured to generate an error signal corresponding to a difference between the current sensing output signal and a reference signal;
a controller comprising a frequency control input terminal, and configured to generate drive signals to the first and second switching elements at a determined operating frequency;
a frequency control circuit comprising an optocoupler coupled between the feedback circuit and the frequency control input terminal of the controller, and configured responsive to a detector diode current to determine the operating frequency of the controller; and
a detector diode current limiting circuit coupled between the feedback circuit and the frequency control circuit, the detector diode current limiting circuit configured to clamp the detector diode current based at least in part on the error signal generated by the feedback circuit, to limit a maximum current that can be driven into a detector diode of the optocoupler in the frequency control circuit.
2. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the detector diode current limiting circuit is configured to clamp a maximum detector diode current for the optocoupler when the error signal is greater than or equal to a clamping threshold value.
3. The power converter of claim 2 , wherein the clamping threshold value corresponds to a maximum output current at a maximum normal operating temperature.
4. The power converter of claim 2 , wherein the clamping threshold value is about 85% of a maximum error signal.
5. The power converter of claim 2 , wherein:
the detector diode current limiting circuit includes a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series between the feedback circuit and the frequency control circuit, the detector diode current limiting circuit further including a node between the first resistor and the second resistor.
6. The power converter of claim 5 , wherein:
the detector diode current limiting circuit includes a Zener diode coupled to the node between the first resistor and the second resistor; and
the Zener diode is configured to limit the effect of the error signal on the detector diode current by clamping the voltage across the second resistor when the error signal is greater than or equal to a clamping threshold value.
7. The power converter of claim 6 , wherein a Zener value of the Zener diode is about 65% of a maximum error signal.
8. The power converter of claim 6 , wherein a resistance value of at least one of the at least one resistor is based at least in part on a Zener value of the Zener diode and the clamping threshold value.