Reservoir drilling fluids consist of cationic heterocyclic polymers, synthesis, formulation, and applications
A wellbore fluid may include a base fluid and at least one cationic heterocyclic polymer in an amount effective to increase a viscosity of the base fluid, the cationic heterocyclic polymer includes at least two distinct cyclic monomers, at least one of which has at least two heteroatoms in the cyclic structure. A method of drilling a wellbore may introduce such wellbore fluid into the wellbore. A method of producing a cationic heterocyclic polymer may include reacting, in a solvent selected from the group that includes tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloromethane, alcoholic solvents, chlorinated solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, or mixture thereof, at least two distinct cyclic monomers, at least one of which has at least two heteroatoms in the cyclic structure.
1. A wellbore fluid, comprising:
a base fluid;
an anionic surfactant; and
at least one cationic heterocyclic polymer (CHP) in an amount effective to increase a viscosity of the base fluid, the CHP comprising at least two distinct cyclic monomers, at least one of which has at least two heteroatoms in the cyclic structure, wherein the CHP comprises a counter anion selected from the group consisting of a chloride anion, bromide anion, iodide anion, hydroxide anion, and mixtures thereof.
2. The wellbore fluid according to claim 1 , wherein both of the at least two distinct cyclic monomers have at least two heteroatoms in the cyclic structure.
3. The wellbore fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the at least two heteroatoms are nitrogen.
4. The wellbore fluid according to claim 1 , wherein one of the at least two distinct cyclic monomers is a halogenated monomer selected from the group consisting of cyanuric chloride having a benzene-ring containing halogenation in 1,3,5 positions, cyanuric chloride having a benzene-ring containing halogenation in 1,4 positions, halogenated compounds having a benzene-ring containing halogenation in 1,3,5 positions, and halogenated compounds having a benzene-ring containing halogenation in 1,4 positions.
5. The wellbore fluid according to claim 4 , wherein the halogenated monomer is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein each X is selected from Cl, Br, or I.
6. The wellbore fluid according to claim 1 , wherein another of the at least two distinct cyclic monomers is a non-halogenated nitrogen-rich heterocycle.
7. The wellbore fluid according to claim 6 , wherein the non-halogenated nitrogen-rich heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, hexamethylenetetramine, pyrazine and bipyridine, wherein a pyrazine or bipyridine is optionally substituted by hydroxyl or alkyl groups, or combinations thereof.
8. The wellbore fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the two distinct cyclic monomers for CHPs have a molar ratio a halogenated monomer to a non-halogenated heterocycle ranging from 1:0.2 to 1:1.5.
9. The wellbore fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the wellbore fluid has a plastic viscosity within a range from 10 to 120 cP at a temperature ranging from 72 F to 450 F, and a pressure ranging from 15 psi to 35000 psi.
10. The wellbore fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the wellbore fluid has a yield point that is within a range from 2 to 50 lb/100 ft 2 at a temperature ranging from 72 F 450 F, and under a pressure ranging from 15 psi to 35000 psi.
11. The wellbore fluid of claim 1 , wherein the CHP is present in an amount ranging from 0.2 to 3 g/mL of the base fluid.
12. The wellbore fluid of claim 1 , wherein a backbone of the CHP extends in at least two dimensions.