Sulfonated polymer
Copolymer compositions and methods of making copolymer compositions with enhanced stability in high temperature and high salinity environments. The copolymers include hydrophobic monomers and sulfonated monomers. The sulfonated monomers can include 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and allyl sulfonate. The sulfonated monomers increase the stability of the polymers in harsh conditions, and in high temperature, high salinity environments. The sulfonated monomers also reduce or prevent the hydrolysis of acrylamide groups, and therefore enhance the stability of the copolymer. The copolymer compositions can be made with free radical polymerization and an initiation complex.
1. A compound having a formula:
wherein n is 40-400 and at each instance R is independently selected from the group consisting of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 , wherein
R 1 is
R 2 is
and
R 3 is
wherein X is halide, and
wherein a mole ratio of R 1 to R 2 to R 3 is 100 moles R 1 to 2-15 moles R 2 to 0.05-0.2 moles R 3 .
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the mole ratio of R 1 to R 2 to R 3 is 100 moles R 1 to 2 moles R 2 to 0.1 moles R 3 .
3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the mole ratio of R 1 to R 2 to R 3 is 100 moles R 1 to 10 moles R 2 to 0.05 moles R 3 .
4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a T 15 value as measured by thermal gravimetric analysis that is greater than 300° C.
5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a T 20 value as measured by thermal gravimetric analysis that is greater than 320° C.
6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a molecular weight of 1-10 MDa.
7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a viscosity averaged molecular weight of the compound is 1-10 MDa.
8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a number average molar mass of 40-400 MDa.
9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a polydispersity index of 1-3.
10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a C* value of about 1290 at 25° C.
11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a C* value of about 1510 at 90° C.
12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a viscosity of greater than 20 mPa·s at 25° C.
13. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a viscosity of greater than 10 mPa·s at 90° C.
14. A method of preparing a compound having a formula:
wherein n is 40-400 and at each instance R is independently selected from the group consisting of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 , wherein
R 1 has the formula
R 2 has the formula and
and
R 3 has the formula
wherein X is halide, and wherein the method comprises
combining reactants in a reaction chamber, wherein the reactants comprise
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid,
a p-styrenesulfonate salt, and
a erucyl amidopropyl dimethyl allyl ammonium salt,
purging the reaction chamber with an inert gas,
initiating a free radical polymerization in a polymerization reaction solution, and purifying the compound.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein initiating the free radical polymerization comprises adding an initiation complex to the reactants.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein adding the initiation complex to the reactants comprises adding at least one of a peroxydisulfide salt and 2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane]dihydrochloride.
17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising heating the polymerization reaction solution.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein heating the polymerization reaction solution comprising heating the polymerization reaction solution to a temperature of 30° C.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein heating the polymerization reaction solution comprises heating the polymerization reaction solution in a tempering kettle.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein after initiating the polymerization reaction the polymerization reaction proceeds for 2-24 hours.
21. The method of claim 19 , further comprising terminating the polymerization reaction after 24 hours.
22. The method of claim 14 , wherein purifying the compound comprises precipitating the compound.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein precipitating the compound comprises precipitating the compound with ethanol.
24. The method of claim 22 , further comprising drying the compound in a vacuum oven.