Nanostructure ink compositions for inkjet printing
The invention pertains to the field of nanotechnology. The disclosure provides nanostructure compositions comprising (a) at least one organic solvent; (b) at least one population of nanostructures comprising a core and at least one shell, wherein the nanostructures comprise inorganic ligands bound to the surface of the nanostructures; and (c) at least one poly(alkylene oxide) additive. The nanostructure compositions comprising at least one poly(alkylene oxide) additive show improved solubility in organic solvents. And, the nanostructure compositions show increased suitability for use in inkjet printing. The disclosure also provides methods of producing emissive layers using the nanostructure compositions.
1. A nanostructure composition comprising:
(a) at least one organic solvent;
(b) at least one nanostructure comprising a core and at least one shell, wherein the at least one shell comprises a first shell comprising ZnSe and a second shell comprising ZnS, wherein the nanostructure comprises inorganic ligands bound to the surface of the at least one nanostructure; and
(c) at least one poly(alkylene oxide) additive.
2. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises InP.
3. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic ligands comprise a halometallate anion.
4. The nanostructure composition of claim 3 , wherein the halometallate anion is fluorozincate, tetrafluoroborate, or hexafluorophosphate.
5. The nanostructure composition of claim 3 , wherein the halometallate anion has the structure of one of Formulas (I)-(III):
MX 3 − (I); MX 4-x Y x − (II); or MX 4-x Y x 2- (III);
wherein:
M is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, and Au;
X is selected from the group consisting of Br, Cl, F, and I;
Y is selected from the group consisting of Br, Cl, F, and I; and
x is 0, 1, or 2.
6. The nanostructure composition of claim 3 , wherein the halometallate anion is CdCl 3 − , CdCl 4 2- , CdI 3 − , CdBr 3 − , CdBr 4 2- , InCl 4 − , HgCl 3 − , ZnCl 3 − , ZnCl 4 2- , or ZnBr 4 2- .
7. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic ligands comprise an organic cation selected from the group consisting of a tetraalkylammonium cation, an alkylphosphonium cation, a formamidinium cation, a guanidinium cation, an imidazolium cation, and a pyridinium cation.
8. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic ligands comprise a tetraalkylammonium cation selected from the group consisting of dioctadecyldimethylammonium, dihexadecyldimethylammonium, ditetradecyldimethylammonium, didodecyldimethylammonium, didecyldimethylammonium, dioctyldimethylammonium, bis(ethylhexyl)dimethylammonium, octadecyltrimethylammonium, oleyltrimethylammonium, hexadecyltrimethylammonium, tetradecyltrimethylammonium, dodecyltrimethylammonium, decyltrimethylammonium, octyltrimethylammonium, phenylethyltrimethylammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium, phenyltrimethylammonium, benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium, benzyltetradecyldimethylammonium, benzyldodecyldimethylammonium, benzyldecyldimethylammonium, benzyloctyldimethylammonium, benzyltributylammonium, benzyltriethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, diisopropyldimethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, and tetramethylammonium.
9. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic ligands comprise a ZnF 4 − anion and a didecyldimethylammonium cation.
10. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic ligands comprise an alkylphosphonium cation selected from the group consisting of tetraphenylphosphonium, dimethyldiphenylphosphonium, methyltriphenoxyphosphonium, hexadecyltributylphosphonium, octyltributylphosphonium, tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium, tetraoctylphosphonium, tetrabutylphosphonium, and tetramethylphosphonium.
11. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1-tetralone, 3-phenoxytoluene, acetophenone, 1-methoxynaphthalene, n-octylbenzene, n-nonylbenzene, 4-methylanisole, n-decylbenzene, p-diisopropylbenzene, pentylbenzene, tetralin, cyclohexylbenzene, chloronaphthalene, 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene, 3-i sopropylbiphenyl, p-methylcumene, dipentylbenzene, o-diethylbenzene, m-diethylbenzene, p-diethylbenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, butylbenzene, dodecylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, diphenyl ether, diphenylmethane, 4-i sopropylbiphenyl, benzyl benzoate, 1,2-bi(3,4-dimethylphenyl)ethane, 2-isopropylnaphthalene, dibenzyl ether, and combinations thereof.
12. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one poly(alkylene oxide) has Formula (IV):
wherein:
x is 1 to 100;
y is 0 to 100;
R 1A and R 1B independently are H or C 1-20 alkyl;
R 2 is C 1-20 alkyl;
X 1 is a bond or C 1-12 alkyl;
X 2 is a bond, —O—, —OC(═O)—, or amido;
FG is —OH, —NH 2 , —NH 4 + , —N 3 , —C(═O)OR 3 , —P(═O)(OR 4 ) 3 , or —P(R 5 ) 4 ;
R 3 is H, C 1-20 alkyl, or C 6-14 aryl;
R 4 is independently H, C 1-20 alkyl, or C 6-14 aryl; and
R 5 is independently H, C 1-20 alkyl, or C 6-14 aryl.
13. The nanostructure composition of claim 12 , wherein x is 2-20 and y is 1-10 .
14. The nanostructure composition of claim 12 , wherein R 1A is H and R 1B is CH 3 .
15. The nanostructure composition of claim 12 , wherein the at least one poly(alkylene oxide) has Formula VI:
wherein:
x is 1 to 100;
y is 0 to 100; and
R 2 is C 1-20 alkyl.
16. The nanostructure composition of claim 15 , wherein x is 19, y is 3, and R 2 is —CH 3 .
17. A process comprising depositing the nanostructure composition of claim 1 on a substrate to form a layer comprising the nanostructure composition.
18. The process of claim 17 , wherein the depositing is by inkjet printing.
19. The process of claim 17 , further comprising depositing a first transport layer on a first conductive layer, the first transport layer being configured to facilitate transport of holes from the first conductive layer to the layer comprising the nanostructure composition; and depositing a second transport layer on the layer comprising the nanostructure composition, the second transport layer configured to facilitate transport of electrons from a second conductive layer to the layer comprising the nanostructure composition.
20. The process of claim 17 , wherein the nanostructure composition is deposited in a pattern.
21. A light emitting diode comprising:
(a) a first conductive layer;
(b) a second conductive layer; and
(c) an emitting layer between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, wherein the emitting layer comprises at least one population of nanostructures, wherein the nanostructures comprise (i) at least one organic solvent; (ii) at least one nanostructure comprising a core and at least one shell, wherein the at least one nanostructure comprises inorganic ligands bound to the surface of the at least one nanostructure; and (iii) at least one poly(alkylene oxide) additive.