Building and attaching support structures for 3D printing
Method(s) include projecting a support toolpath into a current layer of a model, removing any pieces within an expanded version of a current boundary of the model, generating a support toolpath for the current layer, adding a height increase to portion(s) of model toolpath(s) for the higher layer of the model that overlie the support toolpath generated for the current layer, connecting the support toolpath and the projected support toolpath to form a connected support toolpath, overlaying the connected support toolpath with a next boundary of the model in a lower layer of the model, adding a height increase to portion(s) of the connected support toolpath that fall within the next boundary of the model in the lower layer of the model, and repeating the process through layers of the model to form support toolpaths for support walls for the object to be manufactured by the extrusion printer.
1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoding instructions of a program operable to cause data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising:
projecting a previous-layer support toolpath from a higher layer of a three dimensional (3D) model of a 3D object to be manufactured by a 3D extrusion printer into a current layer of the 3D model;
removing any pieces of the projected previous-layer support toolpath that are within an expanded version of a current boundary of the 3D model in the current layer to create a projected current-layer support toolpath for the current layer;
generating a new support toolpath for the current layer in accordance with the expanded version of the current boundary and a previous boundary of the 3D model in the higher layer;
adding a predefined increase in height to one or more portions of one or more model toolpaths for the higher layer of the 3D model, where the one or more portions of the one or more model toolpaths overlie the new support toolpath generated for the current layer;
connecting the new support toolpath and the projected current-layer support toolpath, without crossing the expanded version of the current boundary, to form a connected support toolpath;
overlaying the connected support toolpath with a next boundary of the 3D model in a lower layer of the 3D model;
adding a predefined increase in height to one or more portions of the connected support toolpath that falls within the next boundary of the 3D model in the lower layer of the 3D model; and
repeating the projecting, the removing, the generating, the adding to the one or more portions of the one or more model toolpaths, the connecting, the overlaying, and the adding to the one or more portions of the connected support toolpath, through multiple layers of the 3D model to form support toolpaths for support walls for the 3D object to be manufactured by the 3D extrusion printer.
2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1 , wherein generating the new support toolpath for the current layer comprises:
expanding a perimeter for the previous boundary by a fraction of a 3D print bead width for the 3D extrusion printer, the fraction being a positive number less than one;
identifying at least one portion of the expanded perimeter that falls outside the expanded version of the current boundary; and
using the at least one portion of the expanded perimeter to form the new support toolpath for the current layer.
3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 2 , wherein the fraction of the 3D print bead width is a first configurable offset fraction, and generating the new support toolpath for the current layer comprises:
contracting an innermost perimeter for the previous boundary by a second configurable offset fraction;
identifying at least one portion of the contracted perimeter that falls outside the expanded version of the current boundary; and
using the at least one portion of the contracted perimeter, in addition to the at least one portion of the expanded perimeter, to form the new support toolpath for the current layer.
4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 3 , the operations comprising:
creating an infill toolpath for the higher layer for an overhang portion of the 3D model inside the one or more portions of the one or more model toolpaths that overlie the new support toolpath, wherein the infill toolpath uses bridging between anchor points comprising anchors to a support wall to be 3D printed using an innermost part of the new support toolpath for the current layer;
identifying locations along the infill toolpath that are farther from an anchor point than a maximum bridge distance; and
joining the identified locations to create an infill support path, for the current layer, under the infill toolpath for the higher layer.
5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 4 , the operations comprising:
adding a first configurable height amount to the infill toolpath for the overhang portion; and
subtracting a second configurable height amount from the infill toolpath at the anchor points.
6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1 , the operations comprising:
creating an infill toolpath for the higher layer for an overhang portion of the 3D model inside the one or more portions of the one or more model toolpaths that overlie the new support toolpath, wherein the infill toolpath uses bridging between anchor points comprising anchors to a support wall to be 3D printed using an innermost part of the new support toolpath for the current layer;
identifying locations along the infill toolpath that are farther from an anchor point than a maximum bridge distance; and
joining the identified locations to create an infill support path, for the current layer, under the infill toolpath for the higher layer.
7. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 6 , wherein adding the predefined increase in height to the one or more portions of the one or more model toolpaths for the higher layer of the 3D model comprises:
cutting out the one or more portions of the one or more model toolpaths;
changing a beginning of the cutout portion to make a diagonal upward move;
changing an ending of the cutout portion to make a diagonal downward move; and
rejoining the cutout portion to the one or more model toolpaths.
8. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 6 , the operations comprising:
adding a height amount to the infill toolpath for the overhang portion; and
subtracting a height amount from the infill toolpath at the anchor points.
9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 , wherein generating the new support toolpath for the current layer comprises:
expanding an outermost perimeter for the previous boundary by an offset fraction of a 3D print bead width for the 3D extrusion printer;
identifying at least one portion of the expanded perimeter that falls outside the expanded version of the current boundary;
contracting an innermost perimeter for the previous boundary by an offset fraction of the 3D print bead width for the 3D extrusion printer;
identifying at least one portion of the contracted perimeter that falls outside the expanded version of the current boundary; and
using the at least one portion of the expanded perimeter and the at least one portion of the contracted perimeter to form an outer perimeter support path and an inner perimeter support path, respectively, of the new support toolpath for the current layer.
10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9 , wherein generating the new support toolpath for the current layer comprises:
checking whether the inner perimeter support path fully contains the expanded version of the current boundary;
removing a piece of at least the inner perimeter support path when the inner perimeter support path fully contains the expanded version of the current boundary; and
removing any portions of the inner perimeter support path and the outer perimeter support path that overlap the current boundary when the inner perimeter support path does not fully contains the expanded version of the current boundary.
11. A method comprising:
projecting a previous-layer support toolpath from a higher layer of a three dimensional (3D) model of a 3D object to be manufactured by a 3D extrusion printer into a current layer of the 3D model;
removing any pieces of the projected previous-layer support toolpath that are within an expanded version of a current boundary of the 3D model in the current layer to create a projected current-layer support toolpath for the current layer;
generating a new support toolpath for the current layer in accordance with the expanded version of the current boundary and a previous boundary of the 3D model in the higher layer;
adding a predefined increase in height to one or more portions of one or more model toolpaths for the higher layer of the 3D model, where the one or more portions of the one or more model toolpaths overlie the new support toolpath generated for the current layer;
connecting the new support toolpath and the projected current-layer support toolpath, without crossing the expanded version of the current boundary, to form a connected support toolpath;
overlaying the connected support toolpath with a next boundary of the 3D model in a lower layer of the 3D model;
adding a predefined increase in height to one or more portions of the connected support toolpath that falls within the next boundary of the 3D model in the lower layer of the 3D model; and
repeating the projecting, the removing, the generating, the adding to the one or more portions of the one or more model toolpaths, the connecting, the overlaying, and the adding to the one or more portions of the connected support toolpath, through multiple layers of the 3D model to form support toolpaths for support walls for the 3D object to be manufactured by the 3D extrusion printer.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein generating the new support toolpath for the current layer comprises:
expanding a perimeter for the previous boundary by a fraction of a 3D print bead width for the 3D extrusion printer, the fraction being a positive number less than one;
identifying at least one portion of the expanded perimeter that falls outside the expanded version of the current boundary; and
using the at least one portion of the expanded perimeter to form the new support toolpath for the current layer.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the fraction of the 3D print bead width is a first configurable offset fraction, and generating the new support toolpath for the current layer comprises:
contracting an innermost perimeter for the previous boundary by a second configurable offset fraction;
identifying at least one portion of the contracted perimeter that falls outside the expanded version of the current boundary; and
using the at least one portion of the contracted perimeter, in addition to the at least one portion of the expanded perimeter, to form the new support toolpath for the current layer.
14. The method of claim 13 , the method comprising:
creating an infill toolpath for the higher layer for an overhang portion of the 3D model inside the one or more portions of the one or more model toolpaths that overlie the new support toolpath, wherein the infill toolpath uses bridging between anchor points comprising anchors to a support wall to be 3D printed using an innermost part of the new support toolpath for the current layer;
identifying locations along the infill toolpath that are farther from an anchor point than a maximum bridge distance; and
joining the identified locations to create an infill support path, for the current layer, under the infill toolpath for the higher layer.
15. The method of claim 14 , the method comprising:
adding a first configurable height amount to the infill toolpath for the overhang portion; and
subtracting a second configurable height amount from the infill toolpath at the anchor points.
16. The method of claim 11 , the method comprising:
creating an infill toolpath for the higher layer for an overhang portion of the 3D model inside the one or more portions of the one or more model toolpaths that overlie the new support toolpath, wherein the infill toolpath uses bridging between anchor points comprising anchors to a support wall to be 3D printed using an innermost part of the new support toolpath for the current layer;
identifying locations along the infill toolpath that are farther from an anchor point than a maximum bridge distance; and
joining the identified locations to create an infill support path, for the current layer, under the infill toolpath for the higher layer.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein adding the predefined increase in height to the one or more portions of the one or more model toolpaths for the higher layer of the 3D model comprises:
cutting out the one or more portions of the one or more model toolpaths;
changing a beginning of the cutout portion to make a diagonal upward move;
changing an ending of the cutout portion to make a diagonal downward move; and
rejoining the cutout portion to the one or more model toolpaths.
18. The method of claim 16 , the method comprising:
adding a height amount to the infill toolpath for the overhang portion; and
subtracting a height amount from the infill toolpath at the anchor points.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein generating the new support toolpath for the current layer comprises:
expanding an outermost perimeter for the previous boundary by an offset fraction of a 3D print bead width for the 3D extrusion printer;
identifying at least one portion of the expanded perimeter that falls outside the expanded version of the current boundary;
contracting an innermost perimeter for the previous boundary by an offset fraction of the 3D print bead width for the 3D extrusion printer;
identifying at least one portion of the contracted perimeter that falls outside the expanded version of the current boundary; and
using the at least one portion of the expanded perimeter and the at least one portion of the contracted perimeter to form an outer perimeter support path and an inner perimeter support path, respectively, of the new support toolpath for the current layer.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein generating the new support toolpath for the current layer comprises:
checking whether the inner perimeter support path fully contains the expanded version of the current boundary;
removing a piece of at least the inner perimeter support path when the inner perimeter support path fully contains the expanded version of the current boundary; and
removing any portions of the inner perimeter support path and the outer perimeter support path that overlap the current boundary when the inner perimeter support path does not fully contains the expanded version of the current boundary.