Woven fabric with comparable tensile strength in warp and weft directions
A woven geosynthetic fabric having a weft direction and a warp direction, includes weft yarns woven in the weft direction and warp yarns woven in the warp direction interweaving the weft yarns to form a fabric having comparable modulus; the warp yarns including a high modulus monofilament yarn having a tenacity of at least 0.75 g/denier at 1% strain, at least 1.5 g/denier at 2% strain, and at least 3.75 g/denier at 5% strain as determined in accordance with ASTM International Standard 4595.
1. A woven geosynthetic fabric having a weft direction and a warp direction, comprising:
weft yarns woven in the weft direction and warp yarns woven in the warp direction interweaving the weft yarns in a plain weave pattern or a twill weave pattern; and
a repeating pattern of at least one first weft yarn disposed in a first shed and at least one second weft yarn in a second shed, the at least one first weft yarn and the at least one second weft yarn being different, and the second shed being taller than the first shed;
wherein the woven geosynthetic fabric has an apparent opening size (AOS) of at least 30 as measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4751 and a water flow rate of at least 75 gpm/ft 2 as measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4491; and
wherein the woven geosynthetic fabric has a tensile strength of at least 100 lb/in at 2% strain in both the warp and weft directions as respectively measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4595.
2. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first weft yarn or the at least one second weft yarn is a monofilament yarn.
3. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 2 , wherein the monofilament yarn has a round cross-sectional shape.
4. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 2 , wherein the monofilament yarn has a non-round cross-sectional shape.
5. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first weft yarn or the at least one second weft yarn has a multichannel, tri-lobal, or pillow cross-sectional shape.
6. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first weft yarn and the at least one second weft yarn have different cross-sectional shapes.
7. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 1 , wherein the weft yarns or warp yarns are, independently, an acrylic acid polymer, an aramid polymer, a fluoropolymer, a high density polyethylene, a low density polyethylene, a linear low density polyethylene, a polyacrylonitrile, a polyamide, a polybutylene terephthalate, a polycarbonate, a polyetherimide, a polyethylene copolymer, a polyethylene terephthalate, a polytetrafluoroethylene, a polyimide, a polylactic acid, a polyolefin, a polyphenylene, a polyphenylene oxide, a polyphenylene sulfide, a polyolefin, a polypropylene, a polypropylene/ethylene copolymer, a polystyrene, a polyurethane, a vinyl polymer, or any combination thereof.
8. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 1 , wherein the first shed includes one weft yarn, and the second shed includes two weft yarns.
9. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 1 , wherein the first shed includes two weft yarns, and the second shed includes two weft yarns.
10. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 1 , wherein the first shed includes one weft yarn, and the second shed includes three weft yarns.
11. A woven geosynthetic fabric having a weft direction and a warp direction, comprising:
weft yarns woven in the weft direction and warp yarns woven in the warp direction interweaving the weft yarns in a plain weave pattern or a twill weave pattern; and
a repeating pattern of at least one first weft yarn disposed in a first shed and at least one second weft yarn in a second shed, the at least one first weft yarn and the at least one second weft yarn having different surface areas, and the second shed being taller than the first shed;
wherein the woven geosynthetic fabric has an apparent opening size (AOS) of at least 30 as measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4751 and a water flow rate of at least 75 gpm/ft 2 as measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4491; and
wherein the woven geosynthetic fabric has a tensile strength of at least 100 lb/in at 2% strain in both the warp and weft directions as respectively measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4595.
12. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 11 , wherein the at least one first weft yarn or the at least one second weft yarn is a texturized yarn, a continuous filament yarn, a staple yarn, a spun yarn, a twisted yarn, an air tacking yarn, or any combination thereof.
13. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 11 , wherein the at least one first weft yarn or the at least one second weft yarn is a monofilament yarn.
14. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 13 , wherein the monofilament yarn has a round cross-sectional shape.
15. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 13 , wherein the monofilament yarn has a non-round cross-sectional shape.
16. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 11 , wherein the weft yarns or warp yarns are, independently, an acrylic acid polymer, an aramid polymer, a fluoropolymer, a high density polyethylene, a low density polyethylene, a linear low density polyethylene, a polyacrylonitrile, a polyamide, a polybutylene terephthalate, a polycarbonate, a polyetherimide, a polyethylene copolymer, a polyethylene terephthalate, a polytetrafluoroethylene, a polyimide, a polylactic acid, a polyolefin, a polyphenylene, a polyphenylene oxide, a polyphenylene sulfide, a polyolefin, a polypropylene, a polypropylene/ethylene copolymer, a polystyrene, a polyurethane, a vinyl polymer, or any combination thereof.
17. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 11 , wherein the first shed includes one weft yarn, and the second shed includes two weft yarns.
18. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 11 , wherein the first shed includes two weft yarns, and the second shed includes two weft yarns.
19. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 11 , wherein the first shed includes one weft yarn, and the second shed includes three weft yarns.
20. A method of making a woven geosynthetic fabric having a weft direction and a warp direction, the method comprising:
weaving weft yarns in the weft direction and warp yarns in the warp direction such that the warp yarns interweave the weft yarns in a plain weave pattern or a twill weave pattern, the woven geosynthetic fabric including a repeating pattern of at least one first weft yarn disposed in a first shed and at least one second weft yarn in a second shed, the at least one first weft yarn and the at least one second weft yarn being different, and the second shed being taller than the first shed;
wherein the woven geosynthetic fabric has an apparent opening size (AOS) of at least 30 as measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4751 and a water flow rate of at least 75 gpm/ft 2 as measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4491; and
wherein the woven geosynthetic fabric has a tensile strength of at least 100 lb/in at 2% strain in both the warp and weft directions as respectively measured in accordance with ASTM International Standard D4595.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the at least one first weft yarn and the at least one second weft yarn have different surface areas.
22. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first weft yarn disposed in the first shed and the at least one second weft yarn in the second shed are in-plane with one another.
23. The woven geosynthetic fabric of claim 11 , wherein the at least one first weft yarn disposed in the first shed and the at least one second weft yarn in the second shed are in-plane with one another.
24. The method of claim 20 , wherein the at least one first weft yarn disposed in the first shed and the at least one second weft yarn in the second shed are in-plane with one another.