Optimizing treatment using TTFields by changing the frequency during the course of long term tumor treatment
Tumors can be treated with an alternating electric field. The size of cells in the tumor is determined prior to the start of treatment by, for example, biopsy or by inverse electric impedance tomography. A treatment frequency is chosen based on the determined cell size. The cell size can be determined during the course of treatment and the treatment frequency is adjusted to reflect changes in the cell size. A suitable apparatus for this purpose includes a device for measuring the tumor impedance, an AC signal generator with a controllable output frequency, a processor for estimating the size of tumor cells and setting the frequency of the AC signal generator based thereon, and at least one pair of electrodes operatively connected to the AC signal generator such that an alternating electric field is applied to the tumor.
1. An apparatus for adaptively treating a tumor with an alternating electric field, the apparatus comprising:
an AC signal generator having an output;
at least one pair of electrodes operatively connected to the output of the AC signal generator such that an alternating electric field is applied to the tumor to selectively destroy cells in the tumor, wherein the AC signal generator is configured to apply a first alternating electrical signal to the output for a first period of time;
an electrical impedance tomography device for measuring an impedance of the tumor to account for expected changes that occur as a result of treating the tumor for the first period of time; and
a processor configured to adjust an operating frequency of the AC signal generator based on the measured impedance of the tumor after the first period of time, and further configured to account for changes in the tumor that have occurred during the first period of time by controlling the AC signal generator so that the AC signal generator applies a second alternating electrical signal to the output for a second period of time using the adjusted operating frequency,
wherein the second period of time is subsequent to the first period of time.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first alternating electrical signal has a first frequency, and wherein the second alternating electric signal has a second frequency that is different from the first frequency.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the AC signal generator and the electrical impedance tomography device are separate devices.
4. A method for adaptively treating a tumor with an alternating electric field, the method comprising:
applying a first alternating electric field to the tumor for a first period of time to selectively destroy cells in the tumor;
measuring an impedance of the tumor to account for expected changes that occur as a result of treating the tumor for the first period of time;
adjusting an operating frequency of treatment based on the measured impedance of the tumor after the first period of time to account for changes in the tumor that have occurred during the first period of time; and
applying a second alternating electric field to the tumor for a second period of time to selectively destroy cells in the tumor, wherein the second alternating electric field uses the adjusted operating frequency,
wherein the second period of time is subsequent to the first period of time.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first alternating electrical field has a first frequency, and wherein the second alternating electric field has a second frequency that is different from the first frequency.