Apparatus and method for portable nitric oxide delivery
A device and method for treating high-altitude sickness can include a handheld device, and can deliver a therapeutic amount of nitric oxide to an individual's lungs in order to minimize or treat high-altitude sickness. The device is self-contained and portable, which allows an individual to carry and use the device in high-altitude or other low-oxygen environments.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a reservoir configured to be filled with liquid dinitrogen tetroxide and having a gas space configured to be filled with gaseous nitrogen dioxide;
a diffusion tube positioned such that an open end of the diffusion tube protrudes into the reservoir and prevents liquid dinitrogen tetroxide from being transferred into the diffusion tube regardless of orientation of the reservoir; and
a narrow-bore tube that is positioned within the diffusion tube and connecting the reservoir with an exterior of the reservoir, the narrow-bore tube having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the narrow-bore tube is positioned above the liquid dinitrogen tetroxide at any orientation of the reservoir, and
a conversion cartridge fluidically coupled to the second end of the narrow-bore diffusion tube, the conversion cartridge configured to convert nitrogen dioxide into nitric oxide.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the narrow-bore diffusion tube is a capillary.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a length of the narrow-bore diffusion tube and a diameter of the narrow-bore diffusion tube define a rate at which nitrogen dioxide diffuses from the reservoir at a constant temperature.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a length of the narrow-bore diffusion tube, a diameter of the narrow-bore diffusion tube, and a temperature of the reservoir define a rate at which the conversion cartridge produces nitric oxide.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a patient interface fluidically coupled to the conversion cartridge and configured to deliver nitric oxide to a patient.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reservoir is filled with liquid dinitrogen tetroxide.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reservoir is filled with liquid dinitrogen tetroxide in equilibrium with gaseous nitrogen dioxide in the gas space.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a pump configured to deliver a controlled concentration of nitric oxide in air from the conversion cartridge to a patient.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a source of oxygen-containing gas configured to mix with nitric oxide leaving the conversion cartridge.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conversion cartridge includes a surface-activated material wetted with an antioxidant.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conversion cartridge includes a surface-activated material wetted with a non-toxic antioxidant.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conversion cartridge includes a surface-activated material wetted with at least one of vitamin C or vitamin E.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cartridge is configured to be fluidically coupled to a ventilator such that the ventilator can deliver nitric oxide to a patient.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a heater configured to control a temperature of the reservoir, a rate at which nitrogen dioxide leaves the narrow-bore diffusion tube being based on a temperature of the reservoir.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reservoir contains less than 10 ml of liquid dinitrogen tetroxide.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is portable.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reservoir does not comprise a heating element.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reservoir has a spherical shape.