Sample collection kit including cap having selectively openable diaphragm valve

1. A biological sample collection system, comprising:

a sample collection vessel spanning between a closed first end and a second end having an opening to receive a biological sample into a sample collection chamber defined within the sample collection vessel;

a sealing cap configured to connect with the second end of the sample collection vessel;

a reagent chamber configured to secure within an interior space defined by the sealing cap and to retain a measure of sample preservation solution therein;

a shim configured to circumferentially connect with a proximal end of the reagent chamber and to span a distance between the proximal end of the reagent chamber and an interior sidewall of the sealing cap;

a plug having a diaphragm sized and shaped to fit within the opening of sample collection vessel and configured to selectively engage the shim and form a seal to retain the measure of sample preservation solution within the reagent chamber,

wherein connecting the sealing cap with the sample collection vessel displaces the diaphragm from the shim and breaks the seal formed therebetween, opening a fluid path between the reagent chamber and the sample collection chamber,

wherein the sample collection system comprises a separable two-piece sample collection system that includes (1) the sample collection vessel as a first piece of the separable two-piece sample collection system and (ii) a cap assembly as a second piece of the separable two-piece sample collection system, wherein the cap assembly comprises the sealing cap, the reagent chamber secured within the interior space of the sealing cap, the shim circumferentially connected with the proximal end of the reagent chamber and spanning the distance between the proximal end of the reagent chamber and the interior sidewall of the sealing cap, and the plug, the plug engaging the shim and sealing the measure of sample preservation solution within the reagent chamber,

wherein the plug additionally comprises a plug body, the plug body configured to insert within an interior portion of the proximal end of the reagent chamber, and

wherein the interior portion of the proximal end of the reagent chamber comprises one or more protrusions extending therefrom that are configured to engage the plug body and form a space between an outer sidewall of the plug body and an interior sidewall of the proximal end of the reagent chamber.

2. The biological sample collection system as in claim 1 , wherein the sample collection vessel further comprises a connection member and the sealing cap comprises a complementary connection member configured to connect with the connection member of the sample collection vessel and to couple the sample collection vessel and the sealing cap.

3. The biological sample collection system as in claim 2 , wherein the connection member comprises a ridge projecting away from the sample collection vessel or a depression within the sample collection vessel and the complementary connection member comprises a hook or ridge sized and shaped to engage the connection member.

4. The biological sample collection system as in claim 2 , wherein the connection member and the complementary connection member comprise interlocking threads.

5. The biological sample collection system as in claim 1 , wherein the reagent chamber additionally comprises a connection element configured to abut the plug body and to break the seal between the diaphragm and the shim.

6. The biological sample collection system as in claim 1 , wherein the space comprises a portion of the fluid path that permits the measure of sample preservation solution to pass around the outer sidewall of the plug body, and when the seal is broken between the diaphragm and the shim, around the diaphragm.

7. The biological sample collection system as in claim 1 , wherein the shim additionally comprises a guide member sized and shaped to be received by a guide channel of the sealing cap.

8. The biological sample collection system as in claim 1 , wherein the shim includes a sealing protrusion configured to form a fluid-tight connection between the shim and the proximal end of the reagent chamber, and a sample collection chamber sealing surface that forms a fluid-tight seal between the shim and the opening of the sample collection chamber when the sealing cap is connected with the sample collection vessel.

9. The biological sample collection system as in claim 1 , wherein the diaphragm of the plug comprises an annular diaphragm spatially offset from a bottom opening of the reagent chamber and engaging the shim.

10. The biological sample collection system as in claim 9 , wherein the fluid path between the reagent chamber and the sample collection chamber is obstructed by the shim and the annular diaphragm when the plug is engaged with the shim, and wherein the fluid path is unobstructed when the plug is disengaged from the shim by connecting the sealing cap with the sample collection vessel.

11. The biological sample collection system as in claim 1 , wherein the reagent chamber comprises a retaining ring configured to secure the reagent chamber with a reagent chamber connection member disposed within the interior space of the sealing cap.

12. The biological sample collection system as in claim 11 , wherein the reagent chamber connection member comprises a sidewall protrusion sized and shaped to retain the reagent chamber in connection with the sealing cap.

13. A biological sample collection system, comprising:

a sample collection vessel spanning between a closed first end and a second end having an opening to receive a biological sample into a sample collection chamber defined within the sample collection vessel;

a sealing cap configured to connect with the second end of the sample collection vessel;

a reagent chamber configured to secure within an interior space defined by the sealing cap and to retain a measure of sample preservation solution therein;

shim configured to circumferentially connect with a proximal end of the reagent chamber and to span a distance between the proximal end of the reagent chamber and an interior sidewall of the sealing cap;

a plug having a diaphragm sized and shaped to fit within the opening of sample collection vessel and configured to selectively engage the shim and form a seal to retain the measure of sample preservation solution within the reagent chamber,

wherein connecting the sealing cap with the sample collection vessel displaces the diaphragm from the shim and breaks the seal formed therebetween, opening a fluid path between the reagent chamber and the sample collection chamber,

wherein the sample collection system comprises a separable two-piece sample collection system that includes (1) the sample collection vessel as a first piece of the separable two-piece sample collection system and (ii) a cap assembly as a second piece of the separable two-piece sample collection system, wherein the cap assembly comprises the sealing cap, the reagent chamber secured within the interior space of the sealing cap, the shim circumferentially connected with the proximal end of the reagent chamber and spanning the distance between the proximal end of the reagent chamber and the interior sidewall of the sealing cap, and the plug, the plug engaging the shim and sealing the measure of sample preservation solution within the reagent chamber, and

wherein the shim includes a sealing protrusion configured to form a fluid-tight connection between the shim and the proximal end of the reagent chamber, and a sample collection chamber sealing surface that forms a fluid-tight seal between the shim and the opening of the sample collection chamber when the sealing cap is connected with the sample collection vessel.

14. The biological sample collection system as in claim 13 , wherein the sealing protrusion is a sealing ring that extends inward from an interior sidewall of the shim.

15. The biological sample collection system as in claim 13 , wherein the sealing protrusion is a sealing ring that is composed of an elastic material.

16. The biological sample collection system as in claim 13 , wherein the sealing protrusion is configured to contact an exterior sidewall of the reagent chamber to form a fluid-tight seal between the interior sidewall of the shim and the exterior sidewall of the reagent chamber.

17. A biological sample collection system, comprising:

a sample collection vessel spanning between a closed first end and a second end having an opening to receive a biological sample into a sample collection chamber defined within the sample collection vessel;

a sealing cap configured to connect with the second end of the sample collection vessel;

a reagent chamber configured to secure within an interior space defined by the sealing cap and to retain a measure of sample preservation solution therein;

a shim configured to circumferentially connect with a proximal end of the reagent chamber and to span a distance between the proximal end of the reagent chamber and an interior sidewall of the sealing cap;

a plug having a diaphragm sized and shaped to fit within the opening of sample collection vessel and configured to selectively engage the shim and form a seal to retain the measure of sample preservation solution within the reagent chamber,

wherein connecting the sealing cap with the sample collection vessel displaces the diaphragm from the shim and breaks the seal formed therebetween, opening a fluid path between the reagent chamber and the sample collection chamber,

wherein an interior portion of the proximal end of the reagent chamber comprises one or more protrusions extending therefrom that are configured to engage the plug and form a space between an outer sidewall of the plug and an interior sidewall of the proximal end of the reagent chamber.

18. The biological sample collection system as in claim 17 , wherein the plug comprises a plug body, the plug body being configured to be inserted within an interior portion of the proximal end of the reagent chamber such that the one or more protrusions extending from the interior portion of the proximal end of the reagent chamber engage the plug body.

19. A biological sample collection system, comprising:

a sample collection vessel spanning between a closed first end and a second end having an opening to receive a biological sample into a sample collection chamber defined within the sample collection vessel;

a sealing cap configured to connect with the second end of the sample collection vessel;

a reagent chamber configured to secure within an interior space defined by the sealing cap and to retain a measure of sample preservation solution therein;

a shim configured to circumferentially connect with a proximal end of the reagent chamber and to span a distance between the proximal end of the reagent chamber and an interior sidewall of the sealing cap;

a plug having a diaphragm sized and shaped to fit within the opening of sample collection vessel and configured to selectively engage the shim and form a seal to retain the measure of sample preservation solution within the reagent chamber,

wherein connecting the sealing cap with the sample collection vessel displaces the diaphragm from the shim and breaks the seal formed therebetween, opening a fluid path between the reagent chamber and the sample collection chamber,

wherein the shim includes a sealing protrusion configured to form a fluid-tight connection between the shim and the proximal end of the reagent chamber, and a sample collection chamber sealing surface that forms a fluid-tight seal between the shim and the opening of the sample collection chamber when the sealing cap is connected with the sample collection vessel.