Bore and annulus monitoring pipe breach detection systems and methods

1. A system comprising:

a pipe segment, wherein the pipe segment comprises tubing that defines a pipe bore and a fluid conduit within a tubing annulus of the pipe segment; and

a monitoring apparatus, wherein the monitoring apparatus comprises:

a plurality of bore sensors fluidly connected to the pipe bore of the pipe segment;

an annulus sensor fluidly connected to the fluid conduit defined within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment; and

a control sub-system communicatively coupled to the plurality of bore sensors and the annulus sensor, wherein the control sub-system is configured to determine whether a breach is present in the tubing of the pipe segment based at least in part on first sensor data determined by the plurality of bore sensors to be indicative of a bore fluid parameter present within the pipe bore of the pipe segment and second sensor data determined by the annulus sensor to be indicative of an annulus fluid parameter present within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment.

2. The system of claim 1 , comprising a pipe fitting, wherein:

an end of the tubing of the pipe segment is secured and sealed in a tubing cavity of the pipe fitting such that a fitting bore of the pipe fitting is fluidly connected to the pipe bore of the pipe segment;

the pipe fitting comprises a bore monitoring port that opens to the fitting bore of the pipe fitting; and

a bore sensor in the plurality of bore sensors is fluidly connected to the bore monitoring port on the pipe fitting.

3. The system of claim 2 , comprising an other pipe fitting, wherein:

another end of the tubing of the pipe segment is secured and sealed in another tubing cavity of the other pipe fitting such that an other fitting bore of the other pipe fitting is fluidly connected to the pipe bore of the pipe segment;

the other pipe fitting comprises an other bore monitoring port that opens to the other fitting bore of the other pipe fitting; and

another bore sensor in the plurality of bore sensors is fluidly connected to the other bore monitoring port on the other pipe fitting.

4. The system of claim 1 , comprising a pipe fitting, wherein:

an end of the tubing of the pipe segment is secured and sealed in a tubing cavity of the pipe fitting such that a fitting bore of the pipe fitting is fluidly connected to the pipe bore of the pipe segment;

the pipe fitting comprises an annulus vent port that is fluidly connected to the fluid conduit defined with the tubing annulus of the pipe segment; and

the annulus sensor is fluidly connected to the annulus vent port on the pipe fitting.

5. The system of claim 4 , comprising:

an other pipe fitting; and

an other annulus sensor, wherein:

another end of the tubing of the pipe segment is secured and sealed in another tubing cavity of the other pipe fitting such that another fitting bore of the other pipe fitting is fluidly connected to the pipe bore of the pipe segment;

the other pipe fitting comprises an other annulus vent port that is fluidly connected to the fluid conduit defined within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment; and

the other annulus sensor is fluidly connected to the other annulus vent port on the other pipe fitting.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control sub-system is configured to:

determine a bore monitoring integrity state that indicates whether a breach is potentially present in the tubing of the pipe segment based at least on first sensor data determined by the plurality of bore sensors;

determine an annulus monitoring integrity state that indicates whether a breach is potentially present in the tubing of the pipe segment based on second sensor data determined by the annulus sensor; and

determine a cross-checked integrity state that indicates whether a breach is actually present in the tubing of the pipe segment based on the bore monitoring integrity state and the annulus monitoring integrity state.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the control sub-system is configured to determine the bore monitoring integrity state at least in part by:

determining a plurality of bore pressure profiles each associated with a bore sensor in the plurality of bore sensors based at least in part on the first sensor data determined by the plurality of bore sensors;

determining a breach bore pressure pattern expected to result from a negative pressure wave produced by sudden formation of a breach through the tubing of the pipe segment;

determining the bore monitoring integrity state to indicate that a breach is potentially present in the tubing of the pipe segment when the breach bore pressure pattern is detected in the plurality of bore pressure profiles; and

determining the bore monitoring integrity state to indicate that a breach is not potentially present in the tubing of the pipe segment when the breach bore pressure pattern is not detected in the plurality of bore pressure profiles.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein, when a breach is potentially present in the tubing of the pipe segment, the control sub-system is configured to determine a potential location of the breach along the pipe segment based at least in part on when the breach bore pressure pattern is detected at different bore sensors in the plurality of bore sensors.

9. The system of claim 6 , wherein the control sub-system is configured to determine the annulus monitoring integrity state at least in part by:

determining fluid pressure, fluid flow rate, fluid composition, fluid temperature, or any combination thereof present within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment based on the second sensor data determined by the annulus sensor; and

determining the annulus monitoring integrity state to indicate that a breach is potentially present in the tubing of the pipe segment when:

the fluid pressure within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment exceeds an upper fluid pressure threshold or drops below a lower fluid pressure threshold;

the fluid flow rate within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment exceeds an upper fluid flow rate threshold or drops below a lower fluid flow rate threshold;

the fluid composition within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment includes more than a bore fluid amount threshold of bore fluid or more than an environment fluid amount threshold of external environment fluid;

the fluid temperature within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment matches an expected external environment temperature or an expected bore fluid temperature; or

any combination thereof.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein, when a breach is potentially present in the tubing of the pipe segment, the control sub-system is configured to determine the annulus monitoring integrity state at least in part by:

determining the annulus monitoring integrity state to indicate that the breach is potentially present in an inner barrier layer of the pipe segment when the fluid pressure within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment exceeds the upper fluid pressure threshold, when the fluid flow rate within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment exceeds the upper fluid flow rate threshold, when the fluid composition within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment includes more than the bore fluid amount threshold of bore fluid, when the fluid temperature within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment matches the expected bore fluid temperature, or any combination thereof; and

determining the annulus monitoring integrity state to indicate that the breach is potentially present in an outer barrier layer of the pipe segment with the fluid pressure within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment drops below the lower fluid pressure threshold, when the fluid flow rate within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment drops below the lower fluid flow rate threshold, when the fluid composition within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment includes more than the environment fluid amount threshold of external environment fluid, when the fluid temperature within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment matches the expected external environment temperature, or any combination thereof.

11. The system of claim 6 , wherein the control sub-system is configured to determine the cross-checked integrity state at least in part by:

determining the cross-checked integrity state to indicate that a breach is actually present in the tubing of the pipe segment when the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present and when the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present; and

determining the cross-checked integrity state to indicate that a breach is not actually present in the tubing of the pipe segment when the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present and when the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present.

12. The system of claim 6 , wherein the control sub-system is configured to:

adjust a breach bore pressure pattern used to determine the bore monitoring integrity state to decrease negative pressure wave sensitivity when the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present; and

adjust the breach bore pressure pattern used to determine the bore monitoring integrity state to increase negative pressure wave sensitivity when the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present.

13. A method of operating a monitoring apparatus deployed in a pipeline system, comprising:

determining, using a control sub-system in the monitoring apparatus, a bore monitoring integrity state that indicates whether a breach is potentially present in a pipe segment deployed in the pipeline system based at least in part on first sensor data determined by a plurality of bore sensors in the monitoring apparatus to be indicative of one or more bore fluid parameters present within a pipe bore of the pipe segment;

determining, using the control sub-system, an annulus monitoring integrity state that indicates whether a breach is potentially present in the pipe segment based at least in part on second sensor data determined by one or more annulus sensors in the monitoring apparatus to be indicative of one or more annulus fluid parameters present within free space defined in a tubing annulus of the pipe segment; and

determining, using the control sub-system, a cross-checked integrity state that indicates whether a breach is actually present in the pipe segment at least in part by cross-checking the bore monitoring integrity state and the annulus monitoring integrity state against one another.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein determining the bore monitoring integrity state comprises:

determining a plurality of bore pressure profiles each associated with a bore sensor in the plurality of bore sensors based at least in part on the first sensor data determined by the plurality of bore sensors;

determining a breach bore pressure pattern expected to be indicative of a breach being present in the pipe segment;

determining the bore monitoring integrity state to indicate that a breach is potentially present in the pipe segment in response to determining that the breach bore pressure pattern is detected in the plurality of bore pressure profiles; and

determining the bore monitoring integrity state to indicate that a breach is not potentially present in the pipe segment in response to determining that the breach bore pressure pattern is not detected in the plurality of bore pressure profiles.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein determining the annulus monitoring integrity state comprises:

determining fluid pressure, fluid flow rate, fluid composition, fluid temperature, or any combination thereof present within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment based on the second sensor data determined by the one or more annulus sensors; and

determining the annulus monitoring integrity state to indicate that a breach is potentially present in the pipe segment in response to:

determining that the fluid pressure within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment exceeds an upper fluid pressure threshold;

determining that the fluid pressure within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment drops below a lower fluid pressure threshold;

determining that the fluid flow rate within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment exceeds an upper fluid flow rate threshold;

determining that the fluid flow rate within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment drops below a lower fluid flow rate threshold;

determining that the fluid composition within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment includes more than a bore fluid amount threshold of bore fluid;

determining that that the fluid composition within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment includes more than an environment fluid amount threshold of external environment fluid;

determining that the fluid temperature within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment matches an expected external environment temperature;

determining that the fluid temperature within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment matches an expected bore fluid temperature; or

any combination thereof.

16. The method of claim 13 , wherein determining the cross-checked integrity state comprises:

determining the cross-checked integrity state to indicate that a breach is actually present in the pipe segment in response to determining that the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present and in response to determining that the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present; and

determining the cross-checked integrity state to indicate that a breach is not actually present in the pipe segment in response to determining that the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present and in response to determining that the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present.

17. The method of claim 13 , comprising

adjusting a breach bore pressure pattern used to determine the bore monitoring integrity state to decrease negative pressure wave sensitivity in response determining that the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present; and

adjusting the breach bore pressure pattern used to determine the bore monitoring integrity state to increase negative pressure wave sensitivity in response to determining that the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein:

adjusting the breach bore pressure pattern to decrease negative pressure wave sensitivity comprises excluding a bore pressure pattern that resulted in the bore monitoring integrity state indicating that a breach is potentially present; and

adjusting the breach bore pressure pattern to increase negative pressure wave sensitivity comprises:

determining a time when an annulus fluid parameter of the one or more annulus fluid parameters indicated by the second sensor data is initially indicative of a breach potentially being present in the pipe segment;

determining a bore pressure profile over a time period around the time when the annulus fluid parameter is initially indicative of a breach potentially being present in the pipe segment; and

setting the breach bore pressure pattern based on a bore pressure pattern that occurs during the bore pressure profile.

19. A monitoring apparatus, comprising:

a plurality of bore sensors, wherein the plurality of bore sensors is configured to be fluidly connected to a pipe bore of a pipe segment to enable the plurality of bore sensors to determine first sensor data indicative of fluid pressure present within the pipe bore of the pipe segment;

one or more annulus sensors, wherein the one or more annulus sensors are configured to be fluidly connected to free space defined within a tubing annulus of the pipe segment to enable the one or more annulus sensors to determine second sensor data indicative of fluid pressure, fluid temperature, fluid flow rate, fluid composition, or any combination thereof present within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment; and

a control sub-system configured to be communicatively coupled to the plurality of bore sensors and the one or more annulus sensors and to:

determine a bore monitoring integrity state that indicates whether a breach is potentially present in the pipe segment based on the first sensor data indicative of fluid pressure present within the pipe bore of the pipe segment;

determine an annulus monitoring integrity state that indicates whether a breach is potentially present in the pipe segment based on the second sensor data indicative of the fluid pressure, the fluid temperature, the fluid flow rate, the fluid composition, or any combination thereof present within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment; and

determine a cross-checked integrity state that indicates whether a breach is actually present in the pipe segment based on the bore monitoring integrity state and the annulus monitoring integrity state.

20. The monitoring apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the control sub-system is configured to:

determine the bore monitoring integrity state at least in part by:

determining a plurality of bore pressure profiles each associated with a bore sensor in the plurality of bore sensors based at least in part on the first sensor data indicative of fluid pressure present within the pipe bore of the pipe segment;

determining a breach bore pressure pattern expected to be indicative of a breach being present in the pipe segment;

determining the bore monitoring integrity state to indicate that a breach is potentially present in the pipe segment when the breach bore pressure pattern is detected in the plurality of bore pressure profiles; and

determining the bore monitoring integrity state to indicate that a breach is not potentially present in the pipe segment when the breach bore pressure pattern is not detected in the plurality of bore pressure profiles;

determine the annulus monitoring integrity state at least in part by:

determining the annulus monitoring integrity state to indicate that a breach is potentially present in the pipe segment when the fluid pressure within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment exceeds an upper fluid pressure threshold, when the fluid pressure within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment drops below a lower fluid pressure threshold, when the fluid flow rate within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment exceeds an upper fluid flow rate threshold, when the fluid pressure within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment drops below a lower fluid flow rate threshold, when the fluid composition within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment includes more than a bore fluid amount threshold of bore fluid, when the fluid composition within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment includes more than an environment fluid amount threshold of external environment fluid, when the fluid temperature within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment matches an expected external environment temperature, when the fluid temperature within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment matches an expected bore fluid temperature, or any combination thereof; and

determining the annulus monitoring integrity state to indicate that a breach is not potentially present in the pipe segment when the fluid pressure within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment does not exceed the upper fluid pressure threshold, when the fluid pressure within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment does not drop below the lower fluid pressure threshold, when the fluid flow rate within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment does not exceed the upper fluid flow rate threshold, when the fluid pressure within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment does not drop below the lower fluid flow rate threshold, when the fluid composition within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment does not include more than the bore fluid amount threshold of bore fluid, when the fluid composition within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment does not include more than the environment fluid amount threshold of external environment fluid, when the fluid temperature within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment does not match the expected external environment temperature, and when the fluid temperature within the tubing annulus of the pipe segment does not match the expected bore fluid temperature; and

determine the cross-checked integrity state at least in part by:

determining the cross-checked integrity state to indicate that a breach is actually present in the pipe segment when the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present; and

determining the cross-checked integrity state to indicate that a breach is not actually present in the pipe segment when the bore monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is potentially present and the annulus monitoring integrity state indicates that a breach is not potentially present.