Method for improving heart rate estimates by combining multiple measurement modalities
Systems and methods are provided for determining the frequency of a cardiovascular pulse based on a first physiological signal that is continuously available and a second physiological signal that is less available and that is more accurate or otherwise improved relative to the first signal with respect to pulse rate estimation. When the second signal is available it controls the determination of the pulse rate. When the second signal is unavailable, the first signal is used to determine the pulse rate. This can include using the first signal to estimate the pulse rate until the second signal is available, at which point the pulse rate is estimated based on the second physiological signal. Alternatively, the first signal could be used to determine a number of candidate pulse rates, and the second signal could be used to select a pulse rate from the set of candidate pulse rates.
1. A method comprising:
during a first period of time, detecting a first-sensor signal from a first sensor;
determining a pulse rate for the first period of time based on the first-sensor signal detected during the first period of time;
during a second period of time, detecting the first-sensor signal from the first sensor and a second-sensor signal from a second sensor, wherein the second period of time is after the first period of time;
determining a pulse rate for the second period of time based on the first-sensor signal detected during the second period of time and the second-sensor signal detected during the second period of time;
updating the pulse rate for the first period of time based on the determined pulse rate for the second period of time; and
providing, via a user interface, an indication of the updated pulse rate for the first period of time.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the pulse rate for the first period of time based on the first-sensor signal detected during the first period of time comprises:
sampling the first-sensor signal during the first period of time to obtain a first set of samples of the first-sensor signal; and
determining the pulse rate for the first period of time based on the first set of samples of the first-sensor signal.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining the pulse rate for the second period of time based on the first-sensor signal detected during the second period of time and the second-sensor signal detected during the second period of time comprises:
sampling the first-sensor signal during the second period of time to obtain a second set of samples of the first-sensor signal;
determining a second-signal pulse rate based on the second-sensor signal detected during the second period of time; and
determining the pulse rate for the second period of time based on (i) the second set of samples of the first-sensor signal and (ii) the second-signal pulse rate.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein determining the pulse rate for the second period of time based on (i) the second set of samples of the first-sensor signal and (ii) the second-signal pulse rate comprises:
determining a plurality of potential pulse rates based on the second set of samples of the first-sensor signal; and
selecting one of the potential pulse rates as the pulse rate for the second period of time.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein selecting one of the potential pulse rates as the pulse rate for the second period of time comprises:
for each potential pulse rate, determining a respective difference between the potential pulse rate and the second-signal pulse rate; and
selecting the potential pulse rate that has the smallest difference as the pulse rate for the second period of time.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein determining the pulse rate for the second period of time based on (i) the second set of samples of the first-sensor signal and (ii) the second-signal pulse rate comprises:
determining a spectral content of the first-sensor signal during the second period of time based on the second set of samples of the first signal; and
determining the pulse rate for the second period of time based on the determined spectral content and the second-signal pulse rate.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first-sensor signal is a photoplethysmographic signal.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second-sensor signal is an electrocardiographic signal.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
sampling the second-sensor signal during the second period of time to obtain a set of samples of the second-sensor signal; and
determining whether a reliable pulse rate can be determined from the set of samples of the second-sensor signal.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein determining the pulse rate for the second period of time based on the first-sensor signal detected during the second period of time and the second-sensor signal detected during the second period of time is responsive to a determination that a reliable pulse rate can be determined from the set of samples of the second-sensor signal.
11. A system comprising:
a first sensor;
a second sensor;
a user interface; and
a controller operably coupled to the first sensor and the second sensor, wherein the controller comprises a computing device programmed to perform controller operations comprising:
during a first period of time, detecting a first-sensor signal from the first sensor;
determining a pulse rate for the first period of time based on the first-sensor signal detected during the first period of time;
during a second period of time, detecting the first-sensor signal from the first sensor and a second-sensor signal from the second sensor, wherein the second period of time is after the first period of time;
determining a pulse rate for the second period of time based on the first-sensor signal detected during the second period of time and the second-sensor signal detected during the second period of time;
updating the pulse rate for the first period of time based on the determined pulse rate for the second period of time; and
providing, via the user interface, an indication of the updated pulse rate for the first period of time.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein determining the pulse rate for the first period of time based on the first-sensor signal detected during the first period of time comprises:
sampling the first-sensor signal during the first period of time to obtain a first set of samples of the first-sensor signal; and
determining the pulse rate for the first period of time based on the first set of samples of the first-sensor signal.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein determining the pulse rate for the second period of time based on the first-sensor signal detected during the second period of time and the second-sensor signal detected during the second period of time comprises:
sampling the first-sensor signal during the second period of time to obtain a second set of samples of the first-sensor signal;
determining a second-signal pulse rate based on the second-sensor signal detected during the second period of time; and
determining the pulse rate for the second period of time based on (i) the second set of samples of the first-sensor signal and (ii) the second-signal pulse rate.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein determining the pulse rate for the second period of time based on (i) the second set of samples of the first-sensor signal and (ii) the second-signal pulse rate comprises:
determining a plurality of potential pulse rates based on the second set of samples of the first-sensor signal; and
selecting one of the potential pulse rates as the pulse rate for the second period of time.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein selecting one of the potential pulse rates as the pulse rate for the second period of time comprises:
for each potential pulse rate, determining a respective difference between the potential pulse rate and the second-signal pulse rate; and
selecting the potential pulse rate that has the smallest difference as the pulse rate for the second period of time.
16. The system of claim 13 , wherein determining the pulse rate for the second period of time based on (i) the second set of samples of the first-sensor signal and (ii) the second-signal pulse rate comprises:
determining a spectral content of the first-sensor signal during the second period of time based on the second set of samples of the first signal; and
determining the pulse rate for the second period of time based on the determined spectral content and the second-signal pulse rate.
17. The system of claim 11 , wherein the first sensor is a photoplethysmographic sensor.
18. The system of claim 11 , wherein the second sensor is an electrocardiographic sensor.
19. The system of claim 11 , wherein the controller operations further comprise:
sampling the second-sensor signal during the second period of time to obtain a set of samples of the second-sensor signal; and
determining whether a reliable pulse rate can be determined from the set of samples of the second-sensor signal.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein determining the pulse rate for the second period of time based on the first-sensor signal detected during the second period of time and the second-sensor signal detected during the second period of time is responsive to a determination that a reliable pulse rate can be determined from the set of samples of the second-sensor signal.