Methods and systems of producing oligosaccharides
The present invention in the field of oligosaccharide production provides a method of producing oligosaccharides of useful lengths without producing substantial amounts of monosaccharides and disaccharides (illustrated by FIG. 1 ). There is provided a method for producing an ingredient suitable for incorporation into a foodstuff, cosmetic, or nutraceutical, said ingredient comprising one or more oligosaccharides, wherein the oligosaccharides are produced in an enzymatic reaction, said enzymatic reaction comprising the step of contacting, in a solution or suspension, a polysaccharide-cleaving enzyme and a polysaccharide-containing feedstock, wherein said enzymatic reaction produces substantially no monosaccharides or disaccharides.
1. A method for producing a sugar substitute, the method comprising:
(a) contacting, in a solution or suspension, more than one type of polysaccharide-cleaving enzyme and a polysaccharide-containing feedstock to perform one or more enzymatic reactions to provide a reacted feedstock having less than 20% w/w monosaccharides; and
(b) filtering (i) more than one type of oligosaccharide and (ii) at least one type of monosaccharide from the reacted feedstock of step (a) to produce the sugar substitute, such that the sugar substitute comprises less than 20% w/w monosaccharides and less than 60% w/w disaccharides,
wherein the more than one type of polysaccharide-cleaving enzyme comprises a xylanase.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising incorporating the sugar substitute into a foodstuff for human consumption.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the foodstuff comprises a cake, bread, baked good, chocolate, confectionery, toffee, fudge, meringue, caramel, beverage, dough, cake mixture, or chocolate mixture.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugar substitute has fewer calories per gram than a monosaccharide or disaccharide sugar per gram.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the monosaccharide and/or disaccharide sugar comprises at least one of glucose, galactose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, or lactose.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the foodstuff has a comparable texture to a control product comprising only a monosaccharide or disaccharide sugar as a sweetener component.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the foodstuff has a comparable caramelization property to a control product comprising only a monosaccharide or disaccharide sugar as a sweetener component.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugar substitute has less than 10% w/w monosaccharides.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugar substitute has less than 60% w/w disaccharides.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugar substitute has less than 15% w/w oligosaccharides with 3 residues.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugar substitute has less than 15% w/w oligosaccharides with 4 residues.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugar substitute has less than 15% w/w oligosaccharides with 5 residues.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more enzymatic reactions produces less than 10% w/w monosaccharides in the solution or suspension.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filtered more than one type of oligosaccharide comprises a cello-oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization (DP) of from two to six.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filtered more than one type of oligosaccharide comprises a xylo-oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization (DP) of from two to twelve.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filtered more than one type of oligosaccharide comprises a cello-oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization (DP) of from two to six and a xylo-oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization (DP) of from two to twelve.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filtered more than one type of oligosaccharide comprises a mixed-linkage glucan-oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization (DP) of from two to six.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filtered at least one type of monosaccharide comprises glucose.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filtered at least one type of monosaccharide comprises xylose.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filtered at least one type of monosaccharide comprises glucose and xylose.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the more than one type of polysaccharide-cleaving enzyme is a xylanase.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the xylanase is at least one of GH5, GH8, GH10, GH11, or GH30 xylanase.
23. The method of claim 1 , further comprising pretreating the polysaccharide-containing feedstock with an alkali.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filtering in step (b) is ion-exchange chromatography.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filtering in step (b) is ultrafiltration.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filtering in step (b) is nanofiltration.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the more than one type of polysaccharide-cleaving enzyme is derived from a fungus or a bacterium.