Method of depositing nanoscale materials within a nanofiber network and networked nanofibers with coating
Provided herein is a method of making a conductive network by combining uncoated carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotubes coated with an electroactive substance to create an electrically conductive network; and redistributing at least a portion of the electroactive substance. Also provided herein is an electrically conductive network with an active material coating; first carbon nanotubes coated with the active material coating; and second carbon nanotubes partially coated with the active material coating, wherein at least a portion of the surfaces of the second carbon nanotubes directly contact surfaces of other second carbon nanotubes without the active material coating between these second carbon nanotubes, and wherein the first carbon nanotubes and the second carbon nanotubes are entangled to form an electrically conductive network.
1. A method of making a conductive network, comprising the steps of:
(a) combining to entangle uncoated carbon nanotubes and coated carbon nanotubes coated with an electroactive substance to create an electrically conductive network; and
(b) redistributing at least a portion of the electroactive substance.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combining to entangle uncoated carbon nanotubes and the coated carbon nanotubes coated with an electroactive substance to create an electrically conductive network comprises:
entangling the uncoated carbon nanotubes and the carbon nanotubes with the electroactive substance such that the entanglement creates an electrically conductive network of uncoated carbon nanotubes entangled with coated carbon nanotubes coated with the electroactive substance.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electroactive substance comprises a chemically active nanoscale solid substance.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the redistributing at least a portion of the electroactive substance comprises:
removing a portion of the electroactive substance from the coated carbon nanotubes coated with the electroactive substance into a solution, and depositing the electroactive substance from the solution onto surfaces of the uncoated carbon nanotubes.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the redistributing at least a portion of electroactive substance comprises removing electroactive substance from the coated carbon nanotubes and placing the removed electroactive substance on the uncoated carbon nanotubes.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the redistributing of the at least a portion of the electroactive substance comprises:
providing to the electrically conductive network a solvent in which the electroactive substance has a solubility of less than 1 g/100 g, but greater than zero;
dissolving at least a portion of the electroactive substance into the solvent; and
depositing the electroactive substance from the solution to the uncoated carbon nanotubes within the electrically conductive network.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the redistributing at least a portion of the electroactive substance comprises:
subjecting the electrically conductive network to electrical charge and discharge in the solvent to dissolve at least a portion of the electroactive substance from the coated carbon nanotubes coated with the electroactive substance into the solvent, then depositing the dissolved electroactive substance from the solvent onto the uncoated carbon nanotubes.
8. An electrically conductive network, comprising
an active material coating;
first carbon nanotubes coated with the active material coating; and
second carbon nanotubes partially coated with the active material coating from the first carbon nanotubes,
wherein at least a portion of the surfaces of the second carbon nanotubes directly contact surfaces of other second carbon nanotubes without the active material coating between these second carbon nanotubes, and
wherein the first carbon nanotubes and the second carbon nanotubes are entangled to form an electrically conductive network.
9. The electrically conductive network of claim 8 , wherein the electrically conductive network further comprises interstitial spaces between the first carbon nanotubes and the second carbon nanotubes, and
wherein the active material coating is located on surfaces of the first carbon nanotubes and surfaces of the second carbon nanotubes within the interstitial spaces.
10. The electrically conductive network of claim 9 , wherein the interstitial spaces comprise spaces with a maximum dimension of less than 200 nm.
11. The electrically conductive network of claim 8 , wherein the first carbon nanotubes and the second carbon nanotubes comprise at most 50% by weight of the electrically conductive network.
12. The electrically conductive network of claim 8 , wherein the active material coating comprises at least 70% by weight of the electrically conductive network.
13. The electrically conductive network of claim 8 , wherein the electrically conductive network has a volume of porosity of 50 to 90 vol. %.
14. The electrically conductive network of claim 8 , wherein the active material coating comprises a compound of Ni, Zn, Cd, Fe, Pb, Mn, Co, Ag, Al, or Mg.
15. The electrically conductive network of claim 8 , wherein the active material coating comprises a compound of Ni or Zn.