Amine catalysts for the manufacture of isocyanurate polymers

1. A polymerizable composition comprising

a) at least one polyisocyanate having isocyanate groups selected from the group consisting of aliphatically and cycloaliphatically bonded isocyanate groups, and combinations thereof;

b) at least one compound of formula (I)

wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, branched C5-alkyl, unbranched C5-alkyl, branched C6-alkyl, unbranched C6-alkyl, branched C7-alkyl, and unbranched C7-alkyl,

R 5 is selected from the group consisting of propylene, butylene, pentylene, and a radical of formula (II),

wherein A in formula (II) is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and NR 3 , wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, and isobutyl, and

B is independently of A selected from the group consisting of OH, SH, NHR 4 , and NH 2 , wherein R 4 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and propyl; and

c) from 50% by weight to 90% by weight of organic and/or inorganic filler based on a total weight of the polymerizable composition, the organic and/or inorganic filler optionally comprising fibers,

wherein a ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups in the polymerizable composition is at least 8:1 and at least 80% of the isocyanate groups present in the polymerizable composition are aliphatically and/or cycloaliphatically bonded.

2. The polymerizable composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in formula (II) A is NR 3 and R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, and isobutyl.

3. The polymerizable composition as claimed in claim 2 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are methyl and B is OH.

4. The polymerizable composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in formula (II) A is oxygen.

5. The polymerizable composition as claimed in claim 4 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are methyl and B is OH.

6. The polymerizable composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in formula (I) R 5 is butylene.

7. The polymerizable composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one polyisocyanate comprises a uretdione, an isocyanurate, an allophanate, a biuret, an iminooxadiazinedione, an oxadiazinetrione, or a combination thereof.

8. The polymerizable composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the organic and/or inorganic filler comprises fibers having a minimum length of 1 m.

9. A method of crosslinking isocyanate groups, comprising combining a compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1 with at least one polyisocyanate having isocyanate groups consisting of at least two aliphatically and/or cycloaliphatically bonded isocyanate groups to form a polymerizable composition, wherein a ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups in the polymerizable composition is at least 8:1 and at least 80% of the isocyanate groups present in the polymerizable composition are aliphatically and/or cycloaliphatically bonded, and wherein curing the polymerizable composition forms at least 80 mol % of isocyanurate groups based on a sum of isocyanurate groups, uretdione groups, urethane groups, allophanate groups, urea groups, biuret groups, iminooxadiazinedione groups, and oxadiazinetrione groups formed.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the polymerizable composition forms a crosslinked polymer.

11. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the polyisocyanate comprises HDI, PDI, IPDI, H12MDI, oligomerized HDI, oligomerized PDI, oligomerized H12MDI, oligomerized IPDI, or a combination thereof.

12. A kit containing

a) at least one polyisocyanate having isocyanate groups selected from the group consisting of aliphatically and cycloaliphatically bonded isocyanate groups, and combinations thereof; and

b) at least one compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1 ,

wherein the kit comprises an amount of the at least one polyisocyanate relative to an amount of the at least one compound of formula (I) to allow combination of the at least one polyisocyanate and the at least one compound of formula (I) to form a polymerizable composition having a ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups of at least 8:1 and having at least 80% of the isocyanate groups that are aliphatically and/or cycloaliphatically bonded, and wherein the kit further comprises organic and/or inorganic filler, the organic and/or inorganic filler comprising fibers having a minimum length of 1 m.

13. A process for producing a polymer comprising

a) mixing at least one polyisocyanate having isocyanate groups selected from the group consisting of aliphatically and cycloaliphatically bonded isocyanate groups, and combinations thereof with a compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1 ; and

b) curing a polymerizable composition obtained in process step a) by raising the temperature to at least 50° C., wherein curing forms at least 80 mol % of isocyanurate groups based on a sum of isocyanurate groups, uretdione groups, urethane groups, allophanate groups, urea groups, biuret groups, iminooxadiazinedione groups, and oxadiazinetrione groups formed, and

wherein at commencement of process step b) a ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups in the polymerizable composition is at least 8:1 and at least 80% of the isocyanate groups present in the polymerizable composition are aliphatically and/or cycloaliphatically bonded.

14. The process as claimed in claim 13 , wherein a period of at least 30 minutes elapses between an end of process step a) and commencement of process step b).

15. The process as claimed in claim 13 , wherein a reaction mixture obtained in process step a) is mixed with an organic or inorganic filler before performance of process step b).

16. The process as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the organic or inorganic filler consists of fibers having a minimum length of 50 m and the curing in process step b) is carried out in a heated mold which imparts the fibers wetted with the reaction mixture with a profile and stabilizes this profile through curing of the reaction mixture.

17. A polymer obtained by the process as claimed in claim in claim 13 .

18. A composite material obtained by the process as claimed in claim 15 .