Devices, systems, and methods for training pelvic floor muscles
Featured are intravaginal devices and methods of using the devices to observe the state of an individual's pelvic floor muscles in order to diagnose, treat, or prevent pelvic floor disorders (e.g., pelvic organ prolapse and incontinence) and their accompanying symptoms and methods of using the devices to treat or prevent vaginal disorders (e.g., skin laxity) in a subject using an energy transmitter (e.g., a radiofrequency transmitter). Also featured are algorithms to detect pelvic floor movements and physiological indicia from sensor data.
1. A method of detecting a pelvic floor movement in a subject wearing an intravaginal device comprising two or more sensors comprising:
a) obtaining positional data comprising sensor angle and time from the two or more sensors;
b) processing the data from the two or more sensors to produce a composite score using the positional data to determine an occurrence of the pelvic floor movement, wherein the processing comprises measuring:
(i) a change in sensor angle for each of the sensors, wherein the change in sensor angle is the difference between an angle during a pelvic floor lift and an angle during pelvic floor relaxation; and
(ii) a change in sensor angle with respect to time; and
(iiii) a derivative of the change in sensor angle with respect to time, and detecting the pelvic floor movement when the change in sensor angle with respect to time exceeds a predetermined threshold; and
c) employing the processed data to provide an alert presenting physiological data regarding the pelvic floor movement.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein processing the data comprises using an algorithm to calculate the composite score; and/or the alert comprises providing a visual, audible, or tactile signal to the subject regarding the pelvic floor movement.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
(i) the subject performs a pelvic floor lift, a pelvic floor hold, and a Valsalva maneuver; or
(ii) the composite score is calculated from a sum of the sensor angles from the two or more sensors.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising calculating a moving average of the composite score to filter noise.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein a peak of the moving average is defined as a maximum composite score.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the method comprises detecting an end of the pelvic floor movement when the moving average drops below a predetermined threshold, and wherein the predetermined threshold is proportional to the maximum composite score.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined threshold is 5°/sec, 10°/sec, 15°/sec, 20°/sec, 25°/sec, 30°/sec, or more.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the derivative of the change in sensor angle with respect to time is used to detect the start or finish of a pelvic floor movement, and wherein the derivative of the change in sensor angle with respect to time is equal to zero.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intravaginal device comprises a plurality of sensors located along a length of the device.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the sensors are MEMS accelerometers.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising calculating the composite score by using a weighted sum of each of the plurality of sensor angles.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises determining physiological indicia comprising steps, gait, activity, ballistocardiography, heart rate, heart rate volume, relative stroke volume, respiration rate, rotation, balance, pressure, relative humidity, body composition, temperature, pulse transit time, pulse oxygenation, or blood pressure from one or more additional sensors.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the physiological indicia are indicative of a disease or condition or exceed or drop below a predetermined threshold.
14. A method of training an intravaginal device comprising two or more sensors comprising:
a) obtaining positional data comprising sensor angle and time from the two or more sensors during performance of one or more pelvic floor movements by a subject wearing the intravaginal device; and
b) processing the data from the two or more sensors to produce a composite score using the positional data to establish a baseline for identifying an occurrence of a pelvic floor movement, wherein the processing comprises measuring:
(i) a change in sensor angle for each of the sensors, wherein the change in sensor angle is the difference between an angle during a pelvic floor lift and an angle during pelvic floor relaxation; and
(ii) a change in sensor angle with respect to time; and
(iiii) a derivative of the change in sensor angle with respect to time, wherein the pelvic floor movement is detected when the change in sensor angle with respect to time exceeds a predetermined threshold.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the derivative of the change in sensor angle with respect to time is used to detect the start or finish of a pelvic floor movement, and wherein the derivative of the change in sensor angle with respect to time is equal to zero.
16. A peripheral device comprising a computer processing unit configured to receive data from two or more sensors in an intravaginal device, wherein the peripheral device is configured to process the data collected from the two or more sensors to produce a composite score using the positional data to establish a baseline for identifying an occurrence of a pelvic floor movement, wherein the processing comprises measuring:
(i) a change in sensor angle for each of the sensors, wherein the change in sensor angle is the difference between an angle during a pelvic floor lift and an angle during pelvic floor relaxation;
(ii) a change in sensor angle with respect to time; and
(iiii) a derivative of the change in sensor angle with respect to time, wherein the peripheral device is configured to detect the pelvic floor movement when the change in sensor angle with respect to time exceeds a predetermined threshold.
17. A system comprising the peripheral device of claim 16 and the intravaginal device comprising two or more sensors.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein:
(a) the intravaginal device has a plurality of sensors located along a length of the device;
(b) the sensors are MEMS accelerometers; or
(c) the device comprises one or more additional sensors.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein:
(i) the one or more additional sensors are selected from a gyroscope, a magnetometer, a barometers, a relative humidity sensor, a bioimpedance sensor, a thermometer, a biopotential sensor, a photoplethysmography sensor, and an optical sensor; or
(ii) the one or more additional sensors are configured to measure physiological indicia comprising steps, gait, activity, ballistocardiography, heart rate, heart rate volume, relative stroke volume, respiration rate, rotation, balance, pressure, relative humidity, body composition, temperature, pulse transit time, pulse oxygenation, or blood pressure.