Composite pane with electrically switchable functional element in thermoplastic intermediate layer
A composite pane with an electrically switchable functional element, includes first and second panes, a thermoplastic intermediate layer joining the first pane to the second pane and including a first laminating film with a thickness of at least 0.3 mm and a second laminating film with a thickness of at most 70 μm. The first laminating film is inserted substantially areally between the first and second panes. The second laminating film is inserted exclusively in the region of the at least one functional element and protrudes with an overhang x of at least 1 mm and at most 10 mm beyond the outer edges of the functional element. The direct layer sequence in the region of an electrically switchable functional element consists of the first pane, the second laminating film, the electrically switchable functional element, optionally, a further second laminating film, the first laminating film, and the second pane.
1. A composite pane with at least one electrically switchable functional element, comprising:
a first pane,
a second pane,
a thermoplastic intermediate layer joining the first pane to the second pane and comprising a first laminating film with a thickness of at least 0.3 mm and at least one second laminating film with a thickness in each case of at most 70 μm,
wherein
the first laminating film is inserted substantially areally between the first pane and the second pane,
the at least one second laminating film is inserted exclusively in a region of the at least one electrically switchable functional element and protrudes with an overhang x of at least 1 mm and at most 10 mm beyond all outer lateral edges of the electrically switchable functional element that are covered by the first laminating film,
a direct layer sequence in the region of an electrically switchable functional element consists of the first pane, the second laminating film, the electrically switchable functional element, optionally, a further second laminating film, the first laminating film, and the second pane, and
the functional element has a thickness of at most 200 μm and has a share of the total area of the glazing of less than 10%, and
wherein the electrically switchable functional element is
an antenna, an SPD, a PDLC, an electrochromic, or an electroluminescent functional element, or
a sensor which comprises a carrier film with an electrically conductive coating, wherein at least one capacitive switching region in the electrically conductive coating is separated from the electrically conductive coating by at least one coating-free separating line, wherein the at least one second laminating film protrudes with said overhang x of at least 1 mm and at most 10 mm beyond all outer lateral edges of the carrier film that are covered by the first laminating film,
wherein the at least one second laminating film has a plasticizer content that is less than a plasticizer content of the first laminating film, and
wherein each of the first and second laminating films is a thermoplastic laminating film of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), a thermoplastic laminating film of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), or a thermoplastic laminating film of polyurethane (PU).
2. The composite pane according to claim 1 , wherein a direct layer sequence in a region of the field of vision of the composite pane, which lies outside the at least one electrically switchable functional element or the functional elements and outside the overhang x, consists of the first pane, the first laminating film, and the second pane.
3. The composite pane according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer consists of the first laminating film and in each case one second laminating film per electrically switchable functional element that is inserted into the intermediate layer, and the direct layer sequence in the region of the electrically switchable functional elements consists of the first pane, the second laminating film, the electrically switchable functional element, the first laminating film, and the second pane.
4. The composite pane according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer consists of the first laminating film and in each case two second laminating films per electrically switchable functional element that is inserted into the intermediate layer, and the direct layer sequence in the region of the electrically switchable functional element consists of the first pane, a second laminating film, the electrically switchable functional element, a further second laminating film, the first laminating film, and the second pane.
5. The composite pane according to claim 1 , wherein the first laminating film and the second laminating film are suitable for producing an adhesive bond to one another and to adjacent panes and/or to adjacent functional elements.
6. The composite pane according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one second laminating film includes a plasticizer content of less than 15 wt.
7. The composite pane according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one second laminating film has a thickness of 10 μm to 70 μm, and the first laminating film has a thickness of 0.30 mm to 1.5 mm.
8. The composite pane according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one second laminating film protrudes 1 mm to 5 mm beyond the functional element.
9. The composite pane according to claim 1 , wherein the capacitive switching region of the sensor has a contact region, a supply line region, and a connection region, the supply line region electrically connects the contact region to the connection region; and the connection region is electrically connectable to a sensor electronics system.
10. The composite pane according to claim 9 , wherein a surface capacitance between the contact region and the outer surface of the first pane is greater than a surface capacitance c A between the contact region and the outer surface of the second pane.
11. A method for producing a composite pane according to claim 1 , comprising
a. embedding an electrically switchable functional element between a first laminating film and a second laminating film
or
between a first laminating film and a second laminating film on one side and a further second laminating film on the opposite side,
b. placing the thermoplastic intermediate layer with a functional element formed in step a) on a second pane,
c. the layer stack is completed with a first pane,
d. the layer stack comprising, in this order, the first pane, the second laminating film, the functional element, optionally, a further second laminating film, the first laminating film, and the second pane is laminated to form a composite pane.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein before step b) an electrical supply line is electrically conductingly connected to the functional element and is routed out of the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
13. A method comprising utilizing a composite pane according to claim 1 as a vehicle glazing.
14. The composite pane according to claim 6 , wherein the at least one second laminating film includes a plasticizer content of less than 5 wt.-%.
15. The composite pane according to claim 6 , wherein the at least one second laminating film is substantially plasticizer-free.
16. The composite pane according to claim 8 , wherein the at least one second laminating film protrudes 2 mm to 3 mm beyond the functional element.
17. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the vehicle glazing is a windshield, roof panel, side window, or rear window.
18. The composite pane according to claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer content of the at least one second laminating film is less than 5 wt.-% and the plasticizer content of the first laminating film is at least 15 wt.-%.
19. The composite pane according to claim 18 , wherein both the first laminating film and the at least one second laminating film is a thermoplastic laminating film of polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
20. The composite pane according to claim 18 , wherein the at least one second laminating film is plasticizer free.