Light tunnel and method of manufacturing the same
An optical device comprises two flat plates each having a reflective flat surface, and two flat spacer plates of thickness H each having a reflective sidewall. The flat plates and flat spacer plates are arranged as a stack with the reflective flat surfaces facing each other and the flat spacer plates arranged in a single plane and disposed between the two flat plates with the reflective sidewalls facing each other and with a gap between the two reflective sidewalls. The facing reflective flat surfaces and facing reflective sidewalls define a light tunnel passage with dimension H in the direction transverse to the single plane. The facing reflective sidewalls may be mutually parallel and spaced by a constant gap W to provide a light tunnel passage with constant cross-section H×W, or may be oriented at an angle to provide a tapered light tunnel passage.
1. An optical device comprising:
a first element having a first reflective flat surface;
a second element having a second reflective flat surface; and
two flat spacer plates each having a reflective sidewall;
the two flat spacer plates being arranged in a single plane with the reflective sidewalls of the two flat spacer plates facing each other with a gap between the two facing reflective sidewalls;
the first reflective flat surface being arranged parallel with the single plane containing the two flat spacer plates and in contact with the two flat spacer plates;
the second reflective flat surface being arranged parallel with the single plane containing the two flat spacer plates and in contact with the two flat spacer plates; and
the first reflective flat surface and the second reflective flat surface being arranged facing each other on opposite sides of the single plane;
whereby a light tunnel passage with rectangular cross-section is defined between the facing first and second reflective flat surfaces and the facing reflective sidewalls.
2. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the first element comprises a first flat plate arranged parallel with the single plane and the second element comprises a second flat plate arranged parallel with the single plane.
3. The optical device of claim 2 , wherein the first flat plate, the second flat plate, and the two flat spacer plates are each a glass plate.
4. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein:
the two flat spacer plates have thickness H; and
the two flat spacer plates are arranged in the single plane with the facing reflective sidewalls parallel with each other with a constant gap W between the two facing reflective sidewalls.
5. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein:
the two flat spacer plates have thickness H; and
the two flat spacer plates are arranged in the single plane with the facing reflective sidewalls arranged at an angle to each other;
whereby the light tunnel passage is tapered, wherein the tapered light tunnel passage is defined between the facing first and second reflective flat surfaces and the facing reflective sidewalls, the tapered light tunnel passage having a constant dimension H in the direction transverse to the single plane.
6. The optical device of claim 5 , wherein H is four millimeters or smaller.
7. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second reflective flat surfaces and the facing reflective sidewalls of the two flat spacer plates are each coated with a reflective coating having reflectivity of at least 0.9 over the wavelength range 400-700 nanometers inclusive.
8. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second reflective flat surfaces and the facing reflective sidewalls of the two flat spacer plates are each coated with a reflective coating having reflectivity of at least 0.95 over the wavelength range 400-700 nanometers inclusive.
9. An optical device comprising:
a first element having a first reflective flat surface;
a second element having a second reflective flat surface facing the first reflective flat surface; and
two flat spacer plates each of thickness H, the two flat spacer plates each having a reflective sidewall;
the two flat spacer plates arranged in a single plane with the reflective sidewalls facing each other, the two flat spacer plates being disposed between the facing first and second reflective flat surfaces and spacing apart the facing first and second reflective flat surfaces by the thickness H of the two flat spacer plates;
wherein the thickness H is constant in a direction transverse to the single plane;
whereby a light tunnel passage having a rectangular cross-section is defined between the facing first and second reflective flat surfaces and the facing reflective sidewalls, the rectangular cross-section having a height equal to the thickness H of the two flat spacer plates.
10. The optical device of claim 9 , wherein the first element comprises a first flat plate arranged parallel with the single plane and the second element comprises a second flat plate arranged parallel with the single plane.
11. The optical device of claim 10 , wherein the first flat plate, the second flat plate, and the two flat spacer plates are each a glass plate.
12. The optical device of claim 9 , wherein the two flat spacer plates are arranged in the single plane with the two facing reflective sidewalls mutually parallel with a constant gap W between the two facing reflective sidewalls.
13. The optical device of claim 9 , wherein the two flat spacer plates are arranged in the single plane with the facing reflective sidewalls arranged at an angle to each other.
14. The optical device of claim 9 , wherein H is four millimeters or smaller.
15. The optical device of claim 9 , wherein the first and second reflective flat surfaces and the facing reflective sidewalls of the two flat spacer plates are each coated with a reflective coating having reflectivity of at least 0.95 over the wavelength range 400-700 nanometers inclusive.
16. An optical device comprising:
two flat plates each having a reflective flat surface; and
two flat spacer plates each of thickness H and each having a reflective sidewall;
wherein the two flat plates and the two flat spacer plates are arranged as a stack of plates with the reflective flat surfaces of the two flat plates facing each other and mutually parallel and the two flat spacer plates arranged in a single plane and disposed between the two flat plates with the reflective sidewalls facing each other and with a gap W between the two reflective sidewalls of the two flat spacer plates, the facing reflective flat surfaces arranged parallel with the single plane containing the two flat spacer plates, the facing reflective flat surfaces of the two flat plates and the facing reflective sidewalls of the two flat spacer plates defining a light tunnel passage having a rectangular cross-section with constant dimension H in the direction transverse to the single plane.
17. The optical device of claim 16 , wherein:
the two flat plates and the two flat spacer plates are each a glass plate;
the reflective flat surfaces comprise reflective coatings disposed on the flat surfaces of the two flat glass plates; and
the reflective sidewalls comprise reflective coatings disposed on sidewalls of the flat glass spacer plates.
18. The optical device of claim 16 , wherein the two flat spacer plates are arranged in the single plane with the facing reflective sidewalls parallel with each other with a constant gap W between the two facing reflective sidewalls, whereby the light tunnel passage has a constant rectangular cross-section of dimensions HxW.
19. The optical device of claim 16 , wherein the two flat spacer plates are arranged in the single plane with the facing reflective sidewalls arranged at an angle to each other, whereby the light tunnel passage has a constant dimension H in the direction transverse to the single plane and is tapered along the length of the light tunnel passage.
20. The optical device of claim 16 , further comprising:
the dimension H is four millimeters or smaller; and
all surfaces of the light tunnel passage have reflectivity of 0.9 or higher for a design wavelength or wavelength band.