Single flux quantum source for projective measurements
Devices, systems, and methods that include a qubit coupled to a projective-source digital-to-analog converter (PSDAC) for projective measurement of the qubit. A change in flux state of the PSDAC from a first flux state to a second flux state generates a fast-flux step or fast-step waveform that can be applied to the qubit to perform projective measurement of the qubit. For a quantum processor that includes a set of qubits wherein each qubit is coupled to a respective PSDAC, a shared trigger line can activate each PSDAC to generate a respective fast-flux step or fast-step waveform. Synchronization devices can synchronize the fast-flux steps or fast-step waveforms, allowing for projective readout of the set of qubits.
1. A system for projective measurement of qubits in a quantum processor, the system comprising:
a plurality of qubits, each qubit having a body loop and a Josephson Junction (JJ) loop;
a plurality of projective-source digital-to-analog converters (PSDACs), each PSDAC having a body loop and a JJ loop, wherein each body loop of each PSDAC is communicatively coupled to the JJ loop of a respective qubit of the plurality of qubits;
one or more trigger lines, each of the one or more trigger lines respectively communicatively coupled to the JJ loop of one or more of the plurality of PSDACs such that each JJ loop is communicatively coupled to one of the one or more trigger lines, the one or more trigger lines operable to provide signals to activate each PSDAC to change from a first flux state to a second flux state, wherein activating each PSDAC to change from a first flux state to a second flux state generates a respective fast flux step; and
a plurality of synchronization flux bias sources, each synchronization flux bias source communicatively coupled to the JJ loop of a respective PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs, wherein each synchronization flux bias source is operable to apply a flux bias to the JJ loop of the respective PSDAC.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of synchronization flux bias sources includes a plurality of programmable magnetic memory digital-to-analog converters (PMM DACs), each PMM DAC having a body loop communicatively coupled to the JJ loop of a respective PSDAC, the body loop of the PMM DAC operable to apply a bias to the JJ loop of a respective PSDAC.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of synchronization flux bias sources includes a plurality of analog lines, each analog line communicatively coupled to the JJ loop of a respective PSDAC and operable to apply a bias to the JJ loop of a respective PSDAC.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the first flux state of a first PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs is different from the first flux state of a second PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein a first fast flux step generated by a first PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs is applied to a JJ loop of a first qubit of the plurality of qubits.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein each synchronization flux bias source synchronizes the first fast flux step generated by the first PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs with a second fast flux step generated by a second PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs.
7. The system of claim 6 wherein synchronizing the first fast flux step generated by the first PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs with a second fast flux step generated by a second PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs provides synchronized fast flux steps that are each applied to the JJ loop of the first qubit and a JJ loop of a second qubit of the plurality of qubits.
8. The system of claim 5 wherein each synchronization flux bias source synchronizes the first fast flux step generated by the first PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs with a plurality of fast flux steps generated by each PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein synchronizing the first fast flux step generated by the first PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs with a plurality of fast flux steps generated by each PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs provides synchronized fast flux steps that are each applied to a respective JJ loop of each qubit of the plurality of qubits.
10. The system of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of body flux bias sources, wherein each body flux bias source is communicatively coupled to a body loop of a respective PSDAC and each body flux bias source is operable to apply a flux bias to the body loop of the respective PSDAC.
11. The system of claim 1 further comprising a coupler communicatively coupling a first qubit of the plurality of qubits to a second qubit of the plurality of qubits, wherein the first qubit is communicatively coupled to a first PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs and the second qubit is communicatively coupled to a second PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs.
12. The system of claim 11 wherein a first trigger line of the one or more trigger lines is communicatively coupled to the JJ loop of the first PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs and the first trigger line is further communicatively coupled to the JJ loop of the second PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs.
13. The system of claim 12 wherein the JJ loop of the first PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs is communicatively coupled to a first synchronization flux bias source of the plurality of synchronization flux bias sources and the JJ loop of the second PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs is communicatively coupled to a second synchronization flux bias source of the plurality of synchronization flux bias sources.
14. The system of claim 13 further comprising a third PSDAC and a fourth PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs, wherein the body loop of the third PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs is communicatively coupled to the body loop of the first qubit of the plurality of qubits and the body loop of the fourth PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs is communicatively coupled to the body loop of the second qubit of the plurality of qubits.
15. The system of claim 14 wherein the JJ loop of the third PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs is communicatively coupled to a second trigger line of the one or more trigger lines.
16. A method of operation of a system for projective measurement of a qubit in a quantum processor, the system including:
a plurality of qubits, each qubit having a body loop and a Josephson Junction (JJ) loop;
a plurality of projective-source digital-to-analog converters (PSDACs), each PSDAC having a body loop and a JJ loop, wherein each body loop of each PSDAC is communicatively coupled to the JJ loop of a respective qubit of the plurality of qubits;
one or more trigger lines, each of the one or more trigger lines respectively communicatively coupled to the JJ loop of one or more of the plurality of PSDACs such that each JJ loop is communicatively coupled to one of the one or more trigger lines, the one or more trigger lines operable to provide signals to activate each PSDAC to change from a first flux state to a second flux state, wherein activating each PSDAC to change from a first flux state to a second flux state generates a respective fast flux step; and
a plurality of synchronization flux bias sources, each synchronization flux bias source communicatively coupled to the JJ loop of a respective PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs, wherein each synchronization flux bias source applies a bias to the JJ loop of the respective PSDAC, the method comprising:
initiating a quantum annealing evolution performed by the quantum processor;
at a point during the quantum evolution:
sending a signal through a first trigger line of the one or more trigger lines to activate a PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs;
changing a flux state of the PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs from a first flux state to a second flux state to generate a first fast flux step;
raising an energy barrier of a qubit of the plurality of qubits using the fast flux step; and
measuring a spin state of the qubit of the plurality of qubits.
17. The method of claim 16 further comprising synchronizing the first fast flux step generated by the first PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs with a plurality of fast flux steps generated by a respective PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein synchronizing the first fast flux step generated by the first PSDAC with a plurality of fast flux steps generated by a respective PSDAC of the plurality of PSDACs provides synchronized fast flux steps that are each applied to a respective JJ loop of each qubit of the plurality of qubits.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein applying synchronized fast flux steps to a respective JJ loop of each qubit of the plurality of qubits raises a respective energy barrier of each qubit of the plurality of qubits.
20. The method of claim 16 further comprising completing the quantum evolution and reading out the spin state of the qubit of the plurality of qubits.