Direct current (DC) voltage respiration detector
Technologies and implementations for determining a respiration rate of a person from heart rate monitoring signal is disclosed.
1. A method for providing therapy to a user of a wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) based on determining a respiration rate of the user of the WCD, the method comprising:
injecting a direct current (DC) signal into two or more electrodes of the WCD;
receiving an indication of a change of the DC signal at the two or more electrodes, the received indication being included in a plurality of electrical signals that are received from the two or more electrodes;
separating the received indication of the change of the DC signal from the received plurality of electrical signals;
determining the respiration rate of the user of the WCD based on the separated received indication;
detecting whether the determined respiration rate is within a predetermined rate;
determining whether a heart rate of the user falls within a ventricular tachycardia (VT) zone; and
providing the therapy in form of an electric shock to the user of the WCD, via a plurality of therapy electrodes, based on at least detecting that the heart rate falls within the VT zone and further based on detecting that the determined respiration rate falls outside the predetermined rate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein injecting the DC signal comprises injecting a direct current.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein separating the received indication comprises comparing a DC voltage corresponding to the injected direct current with a reference DC voltage.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein comparing the DC voltage comprises determining a change in resistance of the two or more electrodes.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the indication of the change of the DC signal comprises receiving an indication of a change of resistance between the two or more electrodes.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein separating the received indication comprises filtering Q wave, R wave, S wave (QRS) complex from the plurality of electrical signals.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising filtering the separated received indication corresponding to the respiration rate of the user of the WCD, to determine Q wave, R wave, S wave (QRS) complex from the plurality of electrical signals.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the filtering is performed using a high pass filter.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein separating the received indication comprises detecting peaks of the received plurality of electrical signals.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
processing the separated received indication of the change of the DC signal, to indicate detection of breaths of the user of the WCD as peaks,
wherein determining the respiration rate of the user of the WCD comprises determining an inverse of a median of intervals between the detected breaths.
11. A multichannel electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor, comprising:
two or more electrodes;
an electrode contact monitoring module communicatively coupled to the two or more electrodes, wherein the electrode contact monitoring module is configured to inject a direct current (DC) signal into the two or more electrodes;
a signal processing module communicatively coupled to the two or more electrodes and the electrode contact monitoring module, wherein the signal processing module is configured to:
receive an ECG signal from the two or more electrodes,
receive an indication of a change of the DC signal at the two or more electrodes,
separate the received indication of the change of the DC signal from the received ECG signal, and
determine a respiration rate of a user of the multichannel ECG monitor based on the separated received indication;
determine whether a heart rate of the user falls within a ventricular tachycardia (VT) zone;
an advice module, communicatively coupled to at least the signal processing module, configured to determine whether the user of the multichannel ECG monitor requires a therapy responsive to a detection that the heart rate falls within the VT zone and further based on a detection that the determined respiration rate falls outside a predetermined rate; and
a plurality of therapy electrodes configured to administer therapy in form of an electric shock to the user of the multichannel ECG monitor based on a determination that the user of the multichannel ECG monitor requires the therapy.
12. The multichannel ECG monitor of claim 11 , wherein the signal processing module is configured to determine a consistent channel for determining the respiration rate.
13. The multichannel ECG monitor of claim 11 , wherein the electrode contact monitoring module comprises lead-off circuitry.
14. The multichannel ECG monitor of claim 11 , wherein the electrode contact monitoring module comprises a DC coupled preamplifier.
15. The multichannel ECG monitor of claim 11 , wherein the signal processing module comprises a low pass filter and a high pass filter.
16. A wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD), comprising:
two or more electrodes;
an electrode contact monitoring module communicatively coupled to the two or more electrodes, wherein the electrode contact monitoring module is configured to inject a direct current (DC) signal into the two or more electrodes;
a signal processing module communicatively coupled to the two or more electrodes and the electrode contact monitoring module, wherein the signal processing module is configured to:
receive an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal from the two or more electrodes,
receive an indication of a change of the DC signal at the two or more electrodes,
separate the received indication of the change of the DC signal at the two or more electrodes, and
determine a respiration rate of a user of the WCD based on the separated received indication;
determine whether a heart rate of the user falls within a ventricular tachycardia (VT) zone;
an advice module, communicatively coupled to at least the signal processing module, configured to determine whether the user of the WCD requires a therapy in response to a detection whether the heart rate falls within the VT zone and whether the determined respiration rate is within a predetermined rate; and
a plurality of therapy electrodes configured to provide therapy in form of an electric shock to the user of the WCD in response to a detection that the heart rate falls within the VT zone and further based on a detection that the determined respiration rate falls outside the predetermined rate.
17. The WCD of claim 16 , wherein the electrode contact monitoring module comprises lead-off circuitry.
18. The WCD of claim 16 , wherein the electrode contact monitoring module comprises a DC voltage coupled preamplifier.
19. The WCD of claim 16 , wherein the signal processing module comprises a low pass filter and a high pass filter.