Short-chain fluorosurfactants with iodide additives for forming silver nanowire-based transparent conductive films
Disclosed herein are purified surfactant formulations including purified short-chain fluorosurfactant and iodide additive and a two-part coating kit having the same and a silver nanowire formulation.
1. A purified surfactant formulation comprising:
a fluorosurfactant represented by Formula (I):
and
an impurity represented by Formula (II):
wherein:
m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;
n is 1, 2, 3, or 4;
X is —O—, —S—, or a direct bond;
Y is hydrogen, —OH, or fluoro;
Z is —CH 3 , —CH 2 F, —CHF 2 , or —CF 3 ;
M + is Li + , Na + , K + , H + , or NH 4 ; and
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 , at each occurrence, are the same or different and independently fluoro or hydrogen.
2. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 1 wherein the impurity is present at an amount less than about 3% by weight of the fluorosurfactant.
3. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 1 , comprising:
an iodide additive.
4. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 3 , wherein the iodide additive provides iodide at an amount of about 0.5-2.5% by weight of the fluorosurfactant.
5. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 1 , wherein the fluorosurfactant has no more than 6 fluoro-bearing carbons.
6. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 1 , wherein X is a direct bond.
7. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 1 , wherein Y is —OH.
8. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 1 , wherein Z is —CF 3 .
9. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 1 , wherein m is 6 and n is 2.
10. A purified surfactant formulation comprising:
a fluorosurfactant represented by Formula (I):
and
an iodide additive;
wherein:
m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;
n is 1, 2, 3, or 4;
X is —O—, —S—, or a direct bond;
Y is hydrogen, —OH, or fluoro;
Z is —CH 3 , —CH 2 F, —CHF 2 , or —CF 3 ;
M + is Li + , Na + , K + , H + , or NH 4 ; and
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 , at each occurrence, are the same or different and independently fluoro or hydrogen.
11. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 10 , wherein the iodide additive provides iodide at an amount of about 0.5-2.5% by weight of the fluorosurfactant.
12. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 10 , wherein the fluorosurfactant has no more than 6 fluoro-bearing carbons.
13. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 10 , wherein X is a direct bond.
14. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 10 , wherein Y is —OH.
15. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 10 , wherein Z is —CF 3 .
16. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 10 , wherein m is 6 and n is 2.
17. A purified surfactant formulation comprising:
a fluorosurfactant represented by Formula (I):
wherein:
m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;
n is 1, 2, 3, or 4;
X is —O—, —S—, or a direct bond;
Y is hydrogen, —OH, or fluoro;
Z is —CH 3 , —CH 2 F, —CHF 2 , or —CF 3 ;
M + is Li + , Na + , K + , H + , or NH 4 ;
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 , at each occurrence, are the same or different and independently fluoro or hydrogen; and
the fluorosurfactant has no more than 6 fluoro-bearing carbons.
18. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 1 , wherein X is a direct bond.
19. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 1 , wherein Y is —OH.
20. The purified surfactant formulation of claim 1 , wherein Z is —CF 3 .