High thread spark plug with non-axisymmetric ground shield for precise ground strap orientation
A spark plug is provided that ensures that a ground electrode is positioned in a predefined, precise orientation when installed in a spark plug hole of an engine head. The spark plug is configured for axial insertion into the plug hole, and has a non-axisymmetric ground shield that fits into the plug hole, wherein the ground shield has an outer shield surface with a non-axisymmetric shape and the plug hole is also provided with a complementary non-axisymmetric shape. The spark plug includes a central insulator, which has an inner end surrounding a central electrode and supporting the ground shield, which is mounted on the insulator to support a ground strap adjacent the electrode for forming a spark therebetween. The insulator and ground shield are axially slidable into the plug hole, and the spark plug includes a jamb nut which is rotatable to fix the spark plug in position in a predefined orientation. Preferably, an outer surface of the insulator and an inner surface of the ground shield have complementary shapes wherein the ground shield fits closely on the insulator. For example, the outer insulator surface and the inner shield surface may have a complementary axisymmetric shape, such as cylindrical, or a non-axisymmetric shape, which may conform to the non-axisymmetric shape of the outer shield surface.
1. A spark plug for an internal combustion engine, the spark plug comprising: an elongated center electrode having a center electrode tip at a first end and a terminal proximate a second, opposite end;
an insulator substantially surrounding the center electrode and extending along an axial plug axis, said insulator defining first and second transverse axes extending in a common plane perpendicular to said axial plug axis and transverse to each other;
a ground shield surrounding a first insulator section of said insulator proximate said center electrode tip and defining a ground strap in spaced relation from said electrode tip to define a spark gap therebetween;
a shell substantially surrounding the insulator and defining a drive shoulder at one end and a seating shoulder at an opposite end proximate said ground shield for seating engagement with a spark plug hole of an engine head;
a jamb nut rotatably supported on said insulator axially outwardly of said drive shoulder, said jamb nut having a first end portion comprising a threaded portion proximate said sleeve for threaded engagement with said plug hole wherein said jamb nut axially contacts said drive shoulder of said sleeve to axially drive said spark plug into said plug hole; and
said ground shield having an outer shield surface which is non-axisymmetric relative to at least one of said first and second transverse axes to define a predetermined orientation in which said spark plug is installable within said plug hole.
2. The spark plug according to claim 1 , wherein said jamb nut is rotatable relative to said shell and said ground shield.
3. The spark plug according to claim 2 , wherein said insulator comprises said first insulator section and a second insulator section axially adjacent thereto, wherein said first insulator section has a narrower diameter than said second insulator section, and said shell being axially fixed to said second insulator section and said ground shield being axially fixed to said first insulator section for axial movement with said insulator during spark plug removal and installation.
4. The spark plug according to claim 1 , wherein said first insulator section has an outer insulator surface and said ground shield has an inner shield surface, said outer insulator surface and said inner shield surface conforming to each other and both being non-axisymmetric relative to at least one of said first and second transverse axes, and said outer shield surface being non-axisymmetric relative to at least one of said first and second transverse axes.
5. The spark plug according to claim 1 , wherein said first insulator section has a cylindrical outer insulator surface and said ground shield has a cylindrical inner shield surface which is axisymmetric relative to both of said first and second transverse axes to conform to said outer insulator surface, said outer shield surface differing from said inner shield surface and being non-axisymmetric relative to at least one of said first and second transverse axes.
6. The spark plug according to claim 1 , wherein said outer shield surface has a non-axisymmetric shape defined by two or more side sections joined together by one or more corner sections.
7. The spark plug according to claim 6 , wherein at least one of said corner sections is thicker in said common plane than the other of said corner sections.
8. The spark plug according to claim 6 , wherein said non-axisymmetric shape includes a semi-circular section joined to said side sections by corner junctions.
9. The spark plug according to claim 6 , wherein a first width of said ground shield along said first transverse axis is greater than a second width of said ground shield along said second transverse axis and said first transverse axis extends through at least two said corner sections.
10. The spark plug according to claim 1 , wherein said ground strap connects to said ground shield at one or more locations.
11. A spark plug for an internal combustion engine, the spark plug comprising:
an elongated center electrode having a center electrode tip at a first end and a terminal proximate a second, opposite end;
an insulator substantially surrounding the center electrode and extending along an axial plug axis, said insulator defining first and second transverse axes extending in a common plane perpendicular to said axial plug axis and transverse to each other, said insulator comprising a first insulator section surrounding said center electrode along an axial length extending from said electrode tip, and a second insulator section axially adjacent thereto, wherein said first insulator section has a narrower diameter than a respective diameter of said second insulator section;
a ground shield surrounding said first insulator section proximate said center electrode tip and defining a ground strap in spaced relation from said electrode tip to define a spark gap therebetween;
a shell substantially surrounding said second insulator section;
a jamb nut rotatably supported on said insulator axially outwardly of said shell, wherein said jamb nut axially contacts said sleeve to axially drive said spark plug into said plug hole during spark plug installation; and
said ground shield having an outer shield surface which is non-axisymmetric relative to at least one of said first and second transverse axes to define a predetermined orientation in which said spark plug is installable within said plug hole.
12. The spark plug according to claim 11 , wherein said shell is axially fixed to said second insulator section and said ground shield is axially fixed to said first insulator section for axial movement with said insulator during spark plug removal and installation.
13. The spark plug according to claim 11 , wherein said ground shield has an inner shield surface, which conforms to an outer insulator surface defined by said first insulator section, and said outer shield surface being non-axisymmetric relative to at least one of said first and second transverse axes.
14. The spark plug according to claim 13 , wherein said outer insulator surface and said inner shield surface conform to each other and each have a cylindrical shape which is axisymmetric relative to both of said first and second transverse axes, and said outer shield surface differing from said inner shield surface and being non-axisymmetric relative to at least one of said first and second transverse axes.
15. The spark plug according to claim 13 , wherein said outer insulator surface and said inner shield surface conform to each other and are both non-axisymmetric relative to at least one of said first and second transverse axes, and said outer shield surface being non-axisymmetric relative to at least one of said first and second transverse axes.
16. The spark plug according to claim 11 , wherein said outer shield surface has a non-axisymmetric shape defined by two or more side sections joined together by one or more corner sections.
17. The spark plug according to claim 16 , wherein at least one of said corner sections is thicker in said common plane than the other of said corner sections.
18. The spark plug according to claim 16 , wherein said non-axisymmetric shape includes a semi-circular section joined to said side sections by corner junctions.
19. The spark plug according to claim 16 , wherein said first transverse axis extends through at least two said corner sections.
20. The spark plug according to claim 11 , wherein a first width of said ground shield along said first transverse axis is greater than a second width of said ground shield along said second transverse axis.