Coated fuel pellets with enhanced water and steam oxidation resistance
Disclosed herein is a method comprising coating a fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material with a water-resistant layer, the layer being non-reactive with the fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material. The coating is applied to a surface of the fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material. Also disclosed is a fuel for use in a nuclear reactor.
1. A method comprising:
coating a fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material with a water-resistant layer, the layer being non-reactive with the fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material, wherein the coating is adhered to a surface of the fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material by atomic layer deposition, a thermal spray technique, chemical vapor deposition, electroless plating, electroplating, or a combination thereof.
2. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material comprises a uranium silicide, a uranium nitride, a uranium carbide, a uranium boride, a uranium phosphide, a uranium sulfide, a uranium oxide, or a combination thereof.
3. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein the fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material comprises U 3 Si 2 , U 3 Si 5 , U 3 Si, UN, U 15 N, UC, UB 2 , UB 4 , UP, US 2 , UO 2 , UCO, or a combination thereof.
4. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material is in the form of a pellet.
5. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the water resistant layer is selected from the group consisting of ZrSiO 4 , FeCrAl, Cr, Zr, Al—Cr, CrAl, ZrO2, CeO 2 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 , UO 2 , ZrB 2 , Na 2 O—B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 glass, Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , carbon, SiC, Ni, Cr, and combinations thereof.
6. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the coating is applied by atomic layer deposition.
7. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the coating is applied by an electroless plating coating technique.
8. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the coating is applied by a thermal spray process.
9. The method recited in claim 8 , wherein the thermal spray process is physical vapor deposition.
10. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the coating is applied by an electroplating coating technique, and wherein the fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material is electrically conductive.
11. The method recited in claim 8 , wherein the thermal spray process is a plasma arc spray.
12. The method recited in claim 11 , wherein the thickness of the coating is from 1 micron to 200 microns.
13. The method recited in claim 8 , wherein the thermal spray process is a cold spray process.
14. The method recited in claim 8 , wherein the thermal spray process is a hot spray process.
15. The method recited in claim 1 , further comprising applying a layer of burnable absorbers over the water resistant layer.
16. The method recited in claim 15 , wherein the burnable absorbers are selected from the group consisting of ZrB 2 , B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 glass, and combinations thereof.
17. A fuel for use in a nuclear reactor comprising:
a fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material coated with a water-resistant layer, wherein the coating is adhered to a surface of the fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material by atomic layer deposition, a thermal spray technique, chemical vapor deposition, electroless plating, electroplating, or a combination thereof.
18. The fuel recited in claim 17 , wherein the water resistant layer is selected from the group consisting of ZrSiO 4 , FeCrAl, Cr, Zr, Al—Cr, CrAl, ZrO2, CeO 2 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 , UO 2 , ZrB 2 , Na 2 O—B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 glass, Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , carbon, and SiC, and combinations thereof.
19. The fuel recited in claim 17 , wherein the fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material comprises U 3 Si 2 , U 3 Si 5 , U 3 Si, UN, U 15 N, UC, UB 2 , UB 4 , UP, US 2 , UO 2 , UCO, or a combination thereof.
20. The fuel recited in claim 17 , wherein the fissile, uranium-containing ceramic material comprises a uranium silicide, a uranium nitride, a uranium carbide, a uranium boride, a uranium phosphide, a uranium sulfide, a uranium oxide, or combinations thereof.
21. The fuel recited in claim 17 , further comprising an integral fuel burnable absorber layer over the water resistant layer for controlling the core reactivity in nuclear reactor operation.
22. The fuel recited in claim 21 , wherein the absorber layer is selected from the group consisting of ZrB 2 , B 2 Q 3 -SiO 2 glass, and combinations thereof.