Color-selective waveguides for augmented reality/mixed reality applications
Color-selective waveguides, methods for fabricating color-selective waveguides, and augmented reality (AR)/mixed reality (MR) applications including color-selective waveguides are described. The color-selective waveguides can advantageously reduce or block stray light entering a waveguide (e.g., red, green, or blue waveguide), thereby reducing or eliminating back-reflection or back-scattering into the eyepiece.
1. A doped polymer waveguide comprising:
one or more patterned regions; and
one or more unpatterned regions,
wherein the one or more patterned regions and the one or more unpatterned regions comprise a doped polymer, the doped polymer comprising a chromatic component selected to absorb at least 90% of one or more of red light, green light, and blue light traveling through the polymer waveguide, and wherein the doped polymer is a homogeneous material.
2. The polymer waveguide of claim 1 , wherein one of the one or more patterned regions is an incoupling grating, an exit pupil expander, or an orthogonal pupil expander.
3. The polymer waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the doped polymer waveguide is free of one or more undoped regions.
4. The polymer waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the doped polymer waveguide absorbs at least 90% of one or more of red light, green light, and blue light traveling through the polymer waveguide.
5. The polymer waveguide of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the doped polymer waveguide is in a range of about 200 μm to about 1000 μm.
6. The polymer waveguide of claim 1 , wherein a total internal reflection path length of the doped polymer waveguide is in a range of about 2 cm to about 15 cm.
7. The polymer waveguide of claim 1 , wherein a refractive index of the doped polymer waveguide is greater than about 1.45.
8. The polymer waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the chromatic component is selected to absorb at least 90% of only red light, only green light, or only blue light.
9. An eyepiece comprising the polymer waveguide of claim 1 .
10. A method of forming a doped polymer waveguide, the method comprising:
dispensing a polymerizable material on a first mold, wherein the polymerizable material comprises a resin and a chromatic component;
contacting the polymerizable material with a second mold, wherein the first mold, the second mold, or both comprises protrusions, recessions, or both;
polymerizing the polymerizable material to yield a patterned polymer layer between the first mold and the second mold; and
separating the patterned polymer layer from the first mold and the second mold to yield the doped polymer waveguide, wherein the chromatic component is selected to absorb red light, green light, blue light, or any combination thereof, and wherein the polymerizable material is a homogeneous mixture.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the doped polymer waveguide is free of one or more undoped regions.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the doped polymer waveguide absorbs at least 90% of one or more of red light, green light, and blue light traveling through the polymer waveguide.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein a thickness of the doped polymer waveguide is in a range of about 200 μm to about 1000 μm.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein a total internal reflection path length of the doped polymer waveguide is in a range of about 2 cm to about 15 cm.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the contacting the separating comprise casting or molding.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein a refractive index of the doped polymer waveguide is greater than about 1.45.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the chromatic component is selected to absorb at least 90% of only red light, only green light, or only blue light.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein polymerizing the polymerizable material comprises irradiating the polymerizable material with ultraviolet radiation.
19. A doped polymer waveguide comprising:
one or more patterned regions; and
one or more unpatterned regions,
wherein the one or more patterned regions and the one or more unpatterned regions comprise a doped polymer, the doped polymer comprising a chromatic component selected to absorb at least 90% of one or more of red light, green light, and blue light traveling through the polymer waveguide, and wherein a total internal reflection path length of the doped polymer waveguide is in a range of about 2 cm to about 15 cm.
20. The polymer waveguide of claim 19 , wherein one of the one or more patterned regions is an incoupling grating, an exit pupil expander, or an orthogonal pupil expander.
21. The polymer waveguide of claim 19 , wherein the doped polymer waveguide is free of one or more undoped regions.
22. The polymer waveguide of claim 19 , wherein the doped polymer waveguide absorbs at least 90% of one or more of red light, green light, and blue light traveling through the polymer waveguide.
23. The polymer waveguide of claim 19 , wherein the doped polymer is a homogeneous material.
24. The polymer waveguide of claim 19 , wherein a thickness of the doped polymer waveguide is in a range of about 200 μm to about 1000 μm.
25. The polymer waveguide of claim 19 , wherein a refractive index of the doped polymer waveguide is greater than about 1.45.
26. The polymer waveguide of claim 19 , wherein the chromatic component is selected to absorb at least 90% of only red light, only green light, or only blue light.
27. An eyepiece comprising the polymer waveguide of claim 19 .
28. A method of forming a doped polymer waveguide, the method comprising:
dispensing a polymerizable material on a first mold, wherein the polymerizable material comprises a resin and a chromatic component;
contacting the polymerizable material with a second mold, wherein the first mold, the second mold, or both comprises protrusions, recessions, or both;
polymerizing the polymerizable material to yield a patterned polymer layer between the first mold and the second mold; and
separating the patterned polymer layer from the first mold and the second mold to yield the doped polymer waveguide, wherein the chromatic component is selected to absorb red light, green light, blue light, or any combination thereof, and wherein a total internal reflection path length of the doped polymer waveguide is in a range of about 2 cm to about 15 cm.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the doped polymer waveguide is free of one or more undoped regions.
30. The method of claim 28 , wherein the doped polymer waveguide absorbs at least 90% of one or more of red light, green light, and blue light traveling through the polymer waveguide.
31. The method of claim 28 , wherein the polymerizable material is a homogeneous mixture.
32. The method of claim 28 , wherein a thickness of the doped polymer waveguide is in a range of about 200 μm to about 1000 μm.
33. The method of claim 28 , wherein the contacting the separating comprise casting or molding.
34. The method of claim 28 , wherein a refractive index of the doped polymer waveguide is greater than about 1.45.
35. The method of claim 28 , wherein the chromatic component is selected to absorb at least 90% of only red light, only green light, or only blue light.
36. The method of claim 28 , wherein polymerizing the polymerizable material comprises irradiating the polymerizable material with ultraviolet radiation.