Methods of prognosis and treatment
A method of determining a management course for treating a subject showing symptoms of a disease is disclosed. The method comprises measuring the TRAIL protein level in a blood sample of the subject, wherein when the TRAIL level is above a predetermined amount, the subject is treated as a low-risk patient.
1. A method of determining a management course for a subject who has a diagnosis as having a severe coronaviral infection, comprising:
(a) measuring the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) protein level in a blood sample of the subject, wherein when the TRAIL level is above 145 pg/ml, the method further comprises:
(b) carrying out a management course selected from the group consisting of: (i) cessation of mechanical ventilation, (ii) cessation of invasive monitoring, (iii) cessation of last-resort drug administration, (iv) cessation of sedation, (v) transfer out of intensive care; and (vi) release from hospital.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the management course comprises hospital release.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said blood sample is a fraction of whole blood.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said blood sample comprises cells selected from the group consisting of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein said fraction is serum or plasma.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said measuring is determined electrophoretically or immunochemically.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said immunochemical determination is effected by lateral flow immunoassay, flow cytometry, radioimmunoassay, immunofluorescence or by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a child.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring the level of Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10).
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring the level of at least one determinant selected from the group consisting of: C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), IP10, Interleukin 1 receptor type I, Serum amyloid A1, Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1, Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2, Lipocalin 2, Matrix metallopeptidase 8, MX Dynamin-Like GTPase 1, Calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha, Interleukin 6, 2-amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-1H-pteridin-4-one, Interleukin 2, Interleukin 7, and Interleukin 10.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said at least one determinant is selected from the group consisting of IP10, procalcitonin (PCT), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
12. A method of determining a management course for a subject having a coronaviral infection, comprising:
(a) measuring TRAIL protein level in a blood sample of the subject, wherein when the TRAIL level is below 145 pg/ml, the method further comprises:
(b) carrying out a management course selected from the group consisting of anti-viral treatment, immunomodulatory treatment, mechanical ventilation, invasive monitoring, last-resort drug administration, sedation, intensive care admission, surgical intervention and hospital admittance.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising measuring the level of Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10).
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising measuring the level of at least one determinant selected from the group consisting of C-reactive protein (CRP), IP10, procalcitonin (PCT), Interleukin 1 receptor type 1, Serum amyloid A1, Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1, Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2, Lipocalin 2, Matrix metallopeptidase 8, MX Dynamin-Like GTPase 1, Calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha, Interleukin 6, 2-amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-1H-pteridin-4-one, Interleukin 2, Interleukin 7, and Interleukin 10.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said at least one determinant is selected from the group consisting of IP10, procalcitonin (PCT), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP).