Conversion of crude oil to aromatic and olefinic petrochemicals
A system includes a hydroprocessing zone configured to remove impurities from crude oil; a first separation unit configured to separate a liquid output from the hydroprocessing zone into a light fraction and a heavy fraction; an aromatic extraction subsystem configured to extract aromatic petrochemicals from the light fraction; and a pyrolysis section configured to crack the heavy fraction into multiple olefinic products.
1. A method comprising:
separating an input stream of crude oil into outputs consisting of a light fraction and a heavy fraction in a crude separation unit;
removing impurities from by the heavy fraction in a hydroprocessing zone;
separating a hydroprocessed effluent from the hydroprocessing zone into separator tops and separator bottoms in a first separation unit;
extracting aromatic petrochemicals from the separator tops in an aromatic extraction subsystem before feeding the separator tops to a reformer; and
cracking the separator bottoms into multiple olefinic products in a pyrolysis section.
2. The method of claim 1 , in which extracting the aromatic petrochemicals from the separator tops comprises separating the aromatic petrochemicals of the separator tops from other components of the separator tops by one or more of solvent extraction and extractive distillation.
3. The method of claim 2 , in which extracting the aromatic petrochemicals from the separator tops comprises converting the separator tops into a reformate in a reformer.
4. The method of claim 3 , in which the reformate is rich in aromatic petrochemicals compared to the separator tops.
5. The method of claim 4 , comprising separating an output from the reformer into the reformate and a byproduct fraction.
6. The method of claim 5 , comprising separating the byproduct fraction into hydrogen and light gases.
7. The method of claim 6 , comprising providing the hydrogen to the hydroprocessing zone.
8. The method of claim 6 , comprising providing the light gases to the pyrolysis section.
9. The method of claim 3 , in which converting the separator tops into a reformate comprises conducting one or more of hydrocracking, isomerization, dehydrocyclization, and dehydrogenation.
10. The method of claim 2 , comprising returning the other components of the separator tops to the hydroprocessing process.
11. The method of claim 2 , in which extracting the aromatic petrochemicals from the separator tops comprises generating an output stream that is rich in aromatics compared to the separator tops.
12. The method of claim 1 , comprising providing the light fraction to the pyrolysis section.
13. The method of claim 1 , comprising separating the separator tops into hydrogen and light gases.
14. The method of claim 13 , comprising providing the hydrogen to the hydroprocessing process.
15. The method of claim 13 , comprising providing the light gases to the pyrolysis section.
16. The method of claim 1 , comprising removing fuel oil from the separator bottoms before the pyrolysis section.
17. The method of claim 1 , in which cracking the separator bottoms into multiple products comprises cracking the separator bottoms into one or more of methane, ethylene, propylene, butadiene, and butane.
18. The method of claim 1 , comprising separating the cracked separator bottoms into multiple streams, each stream corresponding to a product.