Low sag tree wire
Disclosed herein is a tree wire and a method of preparing the same. The tree wire disclosed herein has an improved ampacity compared to a conventional ACSR tree wire, as well as reduced sag compared to a conventional ACSR bare conductor and/or ACSR tree wire.
1 . A tree wire, comprising:
(a) a composite core comprised of
at least one capped strand including
a first resin consisting of a thermoset resin, said first resin supporting a matrix of carbon fibers and
a capping layer including a second resin disposed on the surface of the first resin;
(b) a plurality of aluminum strands comprising an aluminum zirconium alloy disposed on the periphery of the composite core; and
(c) a three-layered covering system consisting of:
(c-1) a conductor shield comprising a third resin and an ionic substance dispersed therein, where the conductor shield is disposed on the periphery of the plurality of aluminum strands, wherein the conductor shield has a thickness of from about 8 mils to about 35 mils; and
(c-2) a covering layer comprising an inner layer comprising a polyethylene or a cross-linked polyethylene and an outer layer consisting of a polyethylene or a cross-linked polyethylene and optionally carbon black, wherein each of the inner covering layer and outer covering layer independently has a thickness of from about 70 mils to about 320 mils;
wherein the inner layer is disposed on the periphery of the conductor shield (c-1) and
wherein the outer layer is disposed on the periphery of the inner layer.
2 . The tree wire of claim 1 , wherein the composite core comprises one capped strand or seven capped strands.
3 . The tree wire of claim 1 , wherein the composite core has an outer diameter of from about 0.07 in. to about 0.5 in.
4 . The tree wire of claim 1 , wherein the thermoset resin is selected from an epoxy series resin, an unsaturated polyester series resin, a polyurethane resin, and a bismaleic amide resin.
5 . The tree wire of claim 1 , wherein the carbon fibers comprise a polyacrylonitrile, an aramid fiber, a rayon, a petroleum pitch, or a combination thereof.
6 . The tree wire of claim 1 , wherein the second resin comprises a polyolefin, a polyester, a polycarbonate, a polyamide, a polyether ketone, a polyetherimide, a polyarylene ketone, a liquid crystal polymer, a polyarylene sulfide, a fluoropolymer, a polyacetal, a polyurethane, a polycarbonate, a styrenic polymer, an acrylic polymer, a polyvinyl chloride, or a combination thereof.
7 . The tree wire of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum zirconium alloy comprises from 0.2% to 0.33% zirconium.
8 . The tree wire of claim 1 , wherein the number of aluminum strands to composite core is selected from 6/1, 7/1, 18/1, 20/7, 22/7, 24/7, 26/7, 30/7, 36/1, 42/7, and 45/7.
9 . The tree wire of claim 1 , wherein the third resin comprises polyethylene and the ionic substance comprises a carbon black and wherein the conductor shield has a thickness of from about 15 mils to about 25 mils.
10 . The tree wire of claim 1 , wherein the outer layer consists of the polyethylene and optionally the carbon black.
11 . The tree wire of claim 1 , wherein the outer layer consists of the cross-linked polyethylene and optionally the carbon black; and
wherein each of the inner covering layer and outer covering layer independently has a thickness of from about 75 mils to about 320 mils.
12 . The tree wire of claim 1 having an outer diameter of about 0.60 in. to about 2.50 in.
13 . The tree wire of claim 1 having a voltage rating of about 15 kV, about 25 kV, about 35 kV, about 46 kV, about 69 kV, or about 115 kV.
14 . The tree wire of claim 1 having a rated strength of from about 2,000 lbs. to about 55,000 lbs.
15 . The tree wire of claim 1 having an ampacity of from about 1.08 to about 1.12 times an ampacity of an ACSR tree wire, wherein the tree wire has the same size, stranding, and covering thickness as the ACSR tree wire.
16 . The tree wire of claim 1 having a catenary constant at a maximum operating temperature of from about 1.10 to about 1.90 times a catenary constant for a bare ACSR having the same stranding and size of the tree wire.
17 . A method of manufacturing the tree wire of claim 1 , comprising:
providing the composite core;
stranding the plurality of aluminum conductor strands around the composite core;
covering successively the plurality of aluminum conductor strands around the composite core with the covering system; and
rating the manufactured tree wire with a rated strength as calculated by equation (1):
rated strength=(n con ×STR con ×RY con )+(n core ×STR core ×RF core ) (1)
wherein:
n con is a number of strands in the plurality of aluminum strands;
n core is the number of capped strands in the composite core;
STR con is a breaking strength (nominal, minimum, or average) of the aluminum strands in the plurality of aluminum strands at an elongation equal to the minimum of ε con and ε core ;
STR core is a breaking strength (nominal, minimum, or average) of the at least one capped strands in the composite core at an elongation equal to the minimum of ε con and ε core ;
ε con is the amount of strain at break of the aluminum strands in the plurality of aluminum strands;
ε core is the amount of strain at break of the at least one capped strand in the composite core;
RF con is a rating factor of the plurality of aluminum strands; and
RF core is a rating factor of the at least one capped strands.
18 . The tree wire of claim 1 , wherein the thermoset resin is selected from a bismaleic amide resin.
19 . The tree wire of claim 1 , wherein the inner layer comprises the polyethylene and wherein the outer layer consists of the cross-linked polyethylene and the carbon black.
20 . The tree wire of claim 1 , wherein the inner layer comprises the cross-linked polyethylene and wherein the outer layer consists of the cross-linked polyethylene and the carbon black.