Gas sensing system having quadric reflective surface
In a gas sensing system, a light emitter can emit light through a gas sample toward a concave reflective surface. The reflective surface can redirect the emitted light to propagate through the gas sample toward a light sensor. Using, optionally, the Beer-Lambert Law, the system can determine a concentration of the gas material in the gas sample. By selecting a specified shape for the reflective surface, such as a complete or partial ellipsoid, and locating the light emitter and the light sensor in specified locations, such as at one or both foci of the ellipsoid, the gas sensing system can reduce variation in optical path length, from optical path to optical path, in the light that propagates from the light emitter, to the reflective surface, and to the light sensor. Reducing the variation in optical path length can improve an accuracy in determining the concentration of the gas material.
1. A gas sensing system, comprising: an emitter configured to emit first light; a gas chamber that includes a reflective surface configured to specularly reflect the first light to form second light, the reflective surface being concave and having a shape that is at least a portion of an ellipsoid that includes a first focus and a second focus, the reflective surface being configured to direct the second light toward the second focus of the ellipsoid, pass the second light through the second focus of the ellipsoid, and reflect the second light to form third light;
a sensor configured to detect at least some of the third light, the emitter and the sensor being located proximate the first focus; and
at least one processor configured to determine a concentration of a gas material in a gas sample in the gas chamber from a level of the third light at the sensor.
2. The gas sensing system of claim 1 , wherein:
the emitter is further configured to emit reference light having a spectrum that differs from a spectrum of the first light;
the sensor is further configured to detect at least some of the reference light; and
the at least one processor is further configured to use a level of the reference light at the sensor, in addition to the level of the third light at the sensor, to determine the concentration of the gas material in the gas sample.
3. The gas sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine the concentration from the Beer-Lambert Law.
4. A method, comprising: emitting first light; specularly reflecting, from a reflective surface of a gas chamber, at least some of the first light to form second light, the reflective surface being concave and having a shape that is at least a portion of an ellipsoid that includes a first focus and a second focus, the first light being emitted by an emitter located proximate the first focus; directing, with the reflective surface, the second light toward the second focus of the ellipsoid; passing the second light through the second focus of the ellipsoid; reflecting the second light from the reflective surface to form third light; directing the third light onto a sensor located proximate the first focus;
detecting at least some of the third light with the sensor; and
determining a concentration of a gas material in a gas sample in the gas chamber, using at least one processor, from a level of the third light at the sensor and from the Beer-Lambert Law.
5. A gas sensing system, comprising:
an emitter configured to emit first light having a spectrum that includes at least a first wavelength;
a gas chamber that includes a reflective surface configured to reflect the first light to form second light, the reflective surface being concave and having a shape that is at least a portion of an ellipsoid that has a first focus and a second focus, the emitter being positioned at the first focus, the reflective surface being configured to direct the second light toward the second focus of the ellipsoid, pass the second light through the second focus of the ellipsoid, and reflect the second light to form third light;
a sensor positioned at the first focus and configured to detect at least some of the third light; and
at least one processor configured to determine a concentration of a gas material in the gas sample from a level of the third light at the sensor and from the Beer-Lambert Law, the gas material having an absorption peak at the first wavelength.
6. The gas sensing system of claim 5 , wherein:
the emitter is further configured to emit reference light having a spectrum that includes a second wavelength different from the first wavelength;
the sensor is further configured to detect at least some of the reference light; and
the processor is further configured to use a level of the reference light at the sensor, in addition to the level of the third light at the sensor, to determine the concentration of the gas material in the gas sample.
7. The gas sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is centered on an elongation axis of the ellipsoid and adjacent to the emitter.
8. The gas sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is laterally offset from elongation axis of the ellipsoid and adjacent to the emitter.
9. The gas sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the emitter and the sensor are formed on a same substrate.
10. The method of claim 4 , wherein the sensor is centered on an elongation axis of the ellipsoid and adjacent to the emitter.
11. The method of claim 4 , wherein the sensor is laterally offset from elongation axis of the ellipsoid and adjacent to the emitter.
12. The method of claim 4 , wherein the emitter and the sensor are formed on a same substrate.
13. The gas sensing system of claim 5 , wherein the sensor is centered on an elongation axis of the ellipsoid and adjacent to the emitter.
14. The gas sensing system of claim 5 , wherein the sensor is laterally offset from elongation axis of the ellipsoid and adjacent to the emitter.
15. The gas sensing system of claim 5 , wherein the emitter and the sensor are formed on a same substrate.
16. The gas sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the reflective surface is concave over a full extent of the reflective surface.