Gain equalization error management in optical communication systems
Techniques for managing gain equalization error in optical communication systems are provided. For example, a multi-stage gain correction filter may be configured to at least correct gain equalization error produced by filters with insufficient resolution, for example, conventional non-reflective gain correction technology used in the optical communication systems. The multi-stage filter may include at least a broadband gain correction filter to correct gain equalization error in most of the transmission bandwidth and a narrow band gain correction filter to correction error in a narrow region of the bandwidth. One or more of the multi-stage filters may be implemented in the repeaters of the system (which may be referred to as hybrid GFFs) or may be included in a standalone body (which may be referred to as hybrid GEFs).
1. A hybrid gain correction filter used in combination with an optical amplifier comprising:
a first filter; and
a second filter different from the first filter,
wherein the first filter is configured to correct gain equalization error in a first portion of an optical transmission bandwidth,
wherein the second filter is configured to correct gain equalization error in a second portion of the optical transmission bandwidth,
wherein the first portion of the optical transmission bandwidth is broader than the second portion, and
wherein the hybrid gain correction filter is tailored to correct variations in gain shape generated by a gain correction filter coupled to an output of the optical amplifier.
2. The hybrid gain correction filter of claim 1 , wherein the first filter is a broadband gain correction filter and wherein the first portion is a majority or all of the optical transmission bandwidth.
3. The hybrid gain correction filter of claim 2 , wherein the second filter is a narrow band gain correction filter and wherein the second portion is a narrow region of the optical transmission bandwidth.
4. The hybrid gain correction filter of claim 3 , wherein the gain correction filter is arranged in a repeater and the broadband and narrow band gain correction filters are gain flattening filters (GFFs).
5. The hybrid gain correction filter of claim 3 , wherein the gain correction filter is arranged in a standalone body and the broadband and narrow band gain correction filters are gain equalization filters (GEFs).
6. The hybrid gain correction filter of claim 1 , wherein the first filter is a reflective or non-reflective filter.
7. The hybrid gain correction filter of claim 6 , wherein at least one isolator is arranged between the first and second filters if the first filter is the reflective filter.
8. A method comprising:
correcting, via a first filter, gain equalization error in a first portion of an optical transmission bandwidth for an optical signal, the optical signal being output from a gain correction filter coupled to an optical amplifier; and
correcting, via a second filter, gain equalization error in a second portion of the optical transmission bandwidth for the optical signal,
wherein the first filter is different from the second filter, and
wherein the first portion of the optical transmission bandwidth is broader than the second portion.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first filter is a broadband gain correction filter and wherein the first portion is a majority or all of the optical transmission bandwidth.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the second filter is a narrow band gain correction filter and wherein the second portion is a narrow region of the optical transmission bandwidth, wherein the first filter and the second filter form a hybrid gain correction filter.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the hybrid gain correction filter is arranged in a repeater and the broadband and narrow band gain correction filters are gain flattening filters (GFFs).
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the hybrid gain correction filter is arranged in a standalone body and the broadband and narrow band gain correction filters are gain equalization filters (GEFs).
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first filter is a reflective or non-reflective filter.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein at least one isolator is arranged between the first and second filters if the first filter is the reflective filter.
15. A system comprising:
at least one repeater arranged and spaced along an optical fiber cable, the at least one repeater comprising a plurality of erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and a plurality of gain correction filters, coupled to the plurality of EDFAs, respectively;
a plurality of hybrid gain correction filters, tailored to correct variations in gain shape generated by the plurality of gain correction filters, each hybrid gain correction filter coupled, via a gain correction filter of the plurality of gain correction filters, to an output of each EDFA of the at least one repeater, and each hybrid gain correction filter comprising:
a first filter; and
a second filter different from the first filter,
wherein the first filter is configured to correct gain equalization error in a first portion of an optical transmission bandwidth,
wherein the second filter is configured to correct gain equalization error in a second portion of the optical transmission bandwidth, and
wherein the first portion of the optical transmission bandwidth is broader than the second portion.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the first filter is a broadband gain correction filter and wherein the first portion is a majority or all of the optical transmission bandwidth.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the second filter is a narrow band gain correction filter and wherein the second portion is a narrow region of the optical transmission bandwidth.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the plurality of hybrid gain correction filters are arranged in the at least one repeater and the broadband and narrow band gain correction filters are hybrid gain flattening filters (GFFs).
19. The system of claim 17 , wherein the plurality of hybrid gain correction filters are arranged in a standalone body, wherein the standalone body is coupled to the at least one repeater, and the broadband and narrow band gain correction filters are hybrid gain equalization filters (GEFs).
20. The system of claim 15 , wherein the first filter is a reflective or non-reflective filter.