Method of partial lysis and assay
The present disclosure describes a method of treating a sample comprising cells with a process of partial lysing. Cells are exposed to a process such as bead beating that lyses some cells in the mixture. The process generates a resultant sample mixture that is suitable for both cell morphology screening and genetic screening.
1. A method of cervical screening, said method comprising:
providing a preserved biological sample comprising cells from the cervix and/or the endocervical canal of a subject;
partially lysing the preserved biological sample to create a mixture comprising lysed cells, whole cells, and molecular components;
performing a cytopathology assay on the whole cells in a first portion of the mixture; and
assaying a second portion of the mixture for the molecular components.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molecular components comprise components of one or more pathogens present in the biological sample and/or biomarkers correlated with an elevated risk of cancer.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more pathogens are selected from a group including, human papillomavirus (HPV), chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and candidiasis.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more pathogens include bacteria, viruses, and/or yeast.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein assaying comprises genetic screening and the biomarkers correlated with an elevated risk of cancer are nucleic acids.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein genetic screening includes detecting the nucleic acids, quantifying the nucleic acids, the identifying nucleic acids, and/or sequencing the nucleic acids.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the biomarkers are correlated with an increased risk of vaginal cancer and/or cervical cancer.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biomarkers include nucleic acid base pair changes associated with high-risk HPV types.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the high-risk HPV types include HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31, HPV-33, HPV-35, HPV-39, HPV-45, HPV-51, HPV-52, HPV-56, HPV-58, HPV-68, HPV-73, and/or HPV-82.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the high-risk HPV types include HPV-16, HPV-18, and/or HPV-45.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biomarkers include virus oncogene E6 and/or virus oncogene E7.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the biomarkers include virus oncogene E6 mRNA and/or virus oncogene E7 mRNA.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biomarkers include SC6, SIX1, human cervical cancer 2 protooncogene (HCCR-2), P27, virus oncogene E6, virus oncogene E7, p16INK4A, Mcm proteins, Cdc proteins, topoisomerase 2 alpha, PCNA, Ki-67, Cyclin E, p-53, PAII, DAP-kinase, ESR1, APC, TIMP-3, RAR-β, CALCA, TSLC1, TIMP-2, DcR1, CUDR, DcR2, BRCA1, p15, MSH2, Rassf1A, MLH1, MGMT, SOX1, PAX1, LMX1A, NKX6-1, WT1, ONECUT1, SPAG9, Rb (retinoblastoma) proteins, pRb2/p130, and/or Bc1-2.
14. The method of claim 7 , wherein the cytopathology assay comprises screening cells in the first portion of the mixture for squamous cell abnormalities or glandular cell abnormalities.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises obtaining cells from the cervix and/or endocervical canal of a subject, and contacting the cells with a preservative to create a preserved biological sample.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the cells are obtained using a brush, spatula, swab, or syringe.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein partially lysing comprises mechanical shearing, detergent lysing, osmotic lysing, chemical denaturing, centrifuging, sonicating, freeze-thawing, or a combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein mechanical shearing comprises syringe shearing, bead beating, or a combination thereof.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein an imager is used in the cytopathology assay and the imager identifies whole cells in the first portion of the mixture with the largest and darkest nuclei in the first portion.
20. A method of cervical screening, said method comprising:
providing a preserved biological sample comprising cells from the cervix and/or the endocervical canal of a subject;
partially lysing the preserved biological sample to create a mixture comprising lysed cells, whole cells, and molecular components;
performing a cytopathology assay on the whole cells in a first portion of the mixture; and
assaying a second portion of the mixture for molecular components associated with HPV.