Electrolyte for rechargeable electrochemical cell

1. An electrolyte for use in a secondary static zinc halide electrochemical cell comprising:

from about 25 wt. % to about 70 wt. % of ZnBr 2 ;

from about 5 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of H 2 O;

from about 5 wt. % to about 15 wt. % of KBr;

from about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of KCl;

from about 0.5 wt. % to about 2.5 wt. % of DME-PEG 2000.

2. The electrolyte of claim 1 , further comprising from about 0.5 wt. % to about 2.5 wt. % of DME-PEG 1000.

3. The electrolyte of claim 1 , further comprising one or more quaternary ammonium agents, wherein each quaternary ammonium agent is independently selected from a quaternary ammonium agent having a formula

wherein R 1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group, R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently an alkyl group that is same or different from R 1 , and Y is chloride or bromide, and

wherein the one or more quaternary ammonium agents has an aggregate concentration of from about 0.05 wt. % to about 20 wt. %.

4. The electrolyte of claim 3 , wherein the one or more quaternary ammonium agents comprises a quaternary ammonium agent with a concentration from about 0.050 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, wherein the quaternary ammonium agent is selected from a tetra-C 1-6 alkyl ammonium chloride or a tetra-C 1-6 alkyl ammonium bromide.

5. The electrolyte of claim 4 , wherein the quaternary ammonium agent is tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetrapropylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetrapropylammonium bromide, or tetrabutylammonium bromide.

6. The electrolyte of claim 4 , wherein the one or more quaternary ammonium agents further comprises a quaternary ammonium agent selected from a chloride or bromide of trimethylethylammonium, trimethyl propylammonium, trimethylbutylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, triethylpropylammonium, triethylbutylammonium, tripropylmethylammonium, tripropylethylammonium, tripropylbutylammonium, and combination thereof.

7. The electrolyte of claim 4 , wherein the one or more quaternary ammonium agents further comprises a quaternary ammonium agent selected from triethylmethylammonium chloride and triethylmethylammonium bromide.

8. The electrolyte of claim 1 , further comprising from about 0.25 wt. % to about 5 wt. % of a glycol, wherein the glycol is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, hexalene glycol, or any combination thereof.

9. The electrolyte of claim 8 , wherein the glycol is neopentyl glycol.

10. The electrolyte of claim 1 , further comprising from about 0.5 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of a glyme, wherein the glyme is monoglyme, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, pentaglyme, hexaglyme, or any combination thereof.

11. The electrolyte of claim 10 , wherein the glyme is tetraglyme.

12. The electrolyte of claim 1 , further comprising less than 1 wt. % of one or more additives selected from Sn, In, Ga, Al, Tl, Bi, Pb, Sb, Ag, Mn, Fe, or any combination thereof.

13. The electrolyte of claim 1 , further comprising from 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. % of acetic acid, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, or any combination thereof.

14. An electrolyte for use in a secondary static zinc halide electrochemical cell comprising:

from about 27 wt. % to about 40 wt. % of ZnBr 2 ;

from about 30 wt. % to about 45 wt. % of H 2 O;

from about 2 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of KBr;

from about 7 wt. % to about 17 wt. % of KCl;

from about 0.5 wt. % to about 2.5 wt. % of DME-PEG 2000.

15. The electrolyte of claim 14 , further comprising from about 0.5 wt. % to about 2.5 wt. % of DME-PEG 1000.

16. The electrolyte of claim 14 , further comprising one or more quaternary ammonium agents, wherein each quaternary ammonium agent is independently selected from a quaternary ammonium agent having a formula

wherein R 1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group, R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently an alkyl group that is same or different from R 1 , and Y is chloride or bromide, and wherein the one or more quaternary ammonium agents has an aggregate concentration of from about 0.05 wt. % to about 20 wt. %.

17. The electrolyte of claim 16 , wherein the one or more quaternary ammonium agents comprises a quaternary ammonium agent with a concentration from about 0.050 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, wherein the quaternary ammonium agent is selected from a tetra-C 1-6 alkyl ammonium chloride or a tetra-C 1-6 alkyl ammonium bromide.

18. The electrolyte of claim 17 , wherein the quaternary ammonium agent is tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetrapropylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetrapropylammonium bromide, or tetrabutylammonium bromide.

19. The electrolyte of claim 17 , wherein the one or more quaternary ammonium agents further comprises a quaternary ammonium agent selected from a chloride or bromide of trimethylethylammonium, trimethyl propylammonium, trimethylbutylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, triethylpropylammonium, triethylbutylammonium, tripropylmethylammonium, tripropylethylammonium, tripropylbutylammonium, and combination thereof.

20. An electrolyte for use in a secondary static zinc halide electrochemical cell comprising:

from about 30 wt. % to about 40 wt. % of ZnBr 2 ;

from about 35 wt. % to about 45 wt. % of H 2 O;

from about 5 wt. % to about 15 wt. % of KBr;

from about 5 wt. % to about 15 wt. % of KCl;

from about 0.5 wt. % to about 2.5 wt. % of DME-PEG 2000, DME-PEG 1000, or a combination of DME-PEG 2000 and DME-PEG 1000; and

one or more quaternary ammonium agents, wherein each quaternary ammonium agent is independently selected from a quaternary ammonium agent having a formula

wherein R 1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group, R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently an alkyl group that is same or different from R 1 , and Y is chloride or bromide, and wherein the electrolyte comprises from about 0.5 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the one or more quaternary ammonium agents.