A thermal fuse may comprise an electrode and a conductor separated by a phase change material. The electrode may be formed from a conductive material that generates hydrogen when exposed to water or hydrogen peroxide. The phase change material may release water or hydrogen peroxide at or above an activation temperature.
1. An article comprising:
a conductor;
an electrode comprising a first portion, wherein at least the first portion is formed from a gallium-aluminum (Ga—Al) alloy; and
an activation block located between the first portion of the electrode and the conductor, wherein the activation block comprises a phase change material configured to release, based on the activation block reaching an activation temperature, at least one of water or hydrogen peroxide.
2. The article of claim 1 , further comprising an insulator located between the electrode and the conductor, wherein the insulator comprises a cavity, and wherein the activation block is located in the cavity.
3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the insulator surrounds a portion of the electrode and the conductor surrounds the insulator.
4. The article of claim 2 , wherein
the cavity extends from a first side of the insulator to a second side of the insulator,
the electrode is attached to the first side and comprises a protrusion, formed from the Ga—Al alloy, extending into the cavity, and
an end of the protrusion is positioned between the first side and the second side.
5. The article of claim 2 , wherein the electrode comprises a protrusion extending into the cavity, wherein an end of the protrusion is separated from the conductor.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the Ga—Al alloy comprises gallium and 30% by weight to 80% by weight of one or more of:
an alloy of aluminum, 5% by weight of titanium, and 1% by weight of boron,
an alloy of aluminum, 3% by weight of titanium, and 1% by weight of boron, or
an alloy of aluminum, 3% by weight of titanium, and 0.15% by weight of carbon.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the activation temperature is between 60° Celsius and 120° Celsius.
8. The article of claim 1 , further comprising:
a battery, an electrical load, a first electrical path between the battery and the electrical load, and a second electrical path between the electrical load and the battery, and wherein
the first electrical path comprises the conductor, and
the electrode is electrically connected to a portion of the first electrical path between the conductor and one of the battery and the electrical load, and is not electrically connected to any portion of the first electrical path between the conductor and the other of the battery and the electrical load.
9. The article of claim 1 , further comprising:
an electrically-controllable heater positioned to raise a temperature of the activation block.
10. An article comprising:
an insulator comprising a first side, a second side, and a cavity extending from the first side to the second side;
an activation block located in the cavity and comprising a phase change material configured to release, based on reaching an activation temperature, at least one of water or hydrogen peroxide; and
an electrode attached to the first side and comprising a protrusion extending into the cavity, wherein at least the protrusion is formed from a gallium-aluminum (Ga—Al) alloy, and wherein an end of the protrusion is positioned between the first side and the second side.
11. The article of claim 10 , further comprising a conductor located adjacent to the second side of the insulator.
12. The article of claim 10 , further comprising:
an adhesive located on the second side of the insulator; and
a release paper covering the adhesive.
13. The article of claim 10 , wherein the insulator surrounds a portion of the electrode, and further comprising:
a conductor surrounding the insulator.
14. The article of claim 10 , wherein the Ga—Al alloy comprises gallium and 30% by weight to 80% by weight of one or more of:
an alloy of aluminum, 5% by weight of titanium, and 1% by weight of boron,
an alloy of aluminum, 3% by weight of titanium, and 1% by weight of boron, or
an alloy of aluminum, 3% by weight of titanium, and 0.15% by weight of carbon.
15. The article of claim 10 , wherein the activation temperature is between 60° Celsius and 120° Celsius.
16. The article of claim 10 , further comprising:
a conductor separated from the electrode by the insulator; and
a battery, an electrical load, a first electrical path between the battery and the electrical load, and a second electrical path between the electrical load and the battery, and wherein
the first electrical path comprises the conductor, and
the electrode is electrically connected to a portion of the first electrical path between the conductor and one of the battery and the electrical load, and is not electrically connected to any portion of the first electrical path between the conductor and the other of the battery and the electrical load.