Display device off-axis luminance reduction uniformity
A display device comprising a spatial light modulator having a display polariser arranged on one side of the spatial light modulator is provided with an additional polariser arranged on the same side as the display polariser and polar control retarders between the additional polariser and the display polariser. The polar control retarders include a liquid crystal retarder having two surface alignment layers disposed adjacent to a layer of liquid crystal material on opposite sides. The surface alignment layers provide alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material with an in-plane component, wherein the angle of said in-plane component changes monotonically along a predetermined axis across the display device, providing reduction of luminance in directions that are offset from a viewing axis, increasing uniformity in the reduction of luminance in directions that are offset from a viewing axis.
1. A display device comprising:
a spatial light modulator;
a display polariser arranged on a side of the spatial light modulator, the display polariser being a linear polariser;
an additional polariser arranged on the same side of the spatial light modulator as the display polariser, the additional polariser being a linear polariser; and
at least one polar control retarder arranged between the additional polariser and the display polariser, the at least one polar control retarder includes a liquid crystal retarder comprising:
a layer of liquid crystal material; and
two surface alignment layers disposed adjacent to the layer of liquid crystal material and on opposite sides thereof, at least one of the surface alignment layers being arranged to provide alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material with an in-plane component that is in the plane of the layer of liquid crystal material, wherein the angle of said in-plane component of the alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material changes monotonically along a predetermined axis across at least part of the display device.
2. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein the angle of said in-plane component of the alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material changes monotonically along the predetermined axis across at least part of the display device and does not change along further axes perpendicular to the predetermined axis.
3. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein the angle of said in-plane component of the alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material changes monotonically along the predetermined axis across at least part of the display device and also changes along a further axis perpendicular to the predetermined axis.
4. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein said in-plane component of the alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material has a mean direction that is parallel or orthogonal to the electric vector transmission directions of at least one of the display polariser and the additional polariser.
5. A display device according to claim 4 , wherein the display polariser and the additional polariser have electric vector transmission directions that are parallel.
6. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the surface alignment layers is arranged to provide homogenous alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material.
7. A display device according to claim 6 , wherein each of the surface alignment layers is arranged to provide homogenous alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material.
8. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the surface alignment layers is arranged to provide homeotropic alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material with a pretilt providing said in-plane component.
9. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein
one of the surface alignment layers is arranged to provide homogeneous alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material, wherein the angle of said in-plane component of the alignment in the liquid crystal material adjacent to said one of the surface alignment layers changes monotonically along the predetermined axis across at least part of the display device, and
the other of the surface alignment layers is arranged to provide homeotropic alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material, wherein the angle of said in-plane component of the alignment in the liquid crystal material adjacent to said other of the surface alignment layers does not change along the predetermined axis across at least part of the display device.
10. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein each of the surface alignment layers is arranged to provide alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material with respective in-plane components that are in the plane of the layer of liquid crystal material, wherein the angles of said in-plane components of the alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material changes monotonically along the predetermined axis across at least part of the display device.
11. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein the angle of said in-plane component of the alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material changes monotonically along the predetermined axis across at least part of the display device so that directions of maximum light transmission of the display polarizer, the additional polariser and said at least one polar control retarder from points of said at least part of the display device are directed towards a common optical window in front of the display device.
12. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein the angle of said in-plane component of the alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material changes monotonically along a predetermined axis across the entire display device.
13. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein the angle of said in-plane component of the alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material changes monotonically along a predetermined axis across a first part of the display device.
14. A display device according to claim 13 , wherein the angle of said in-plane component of the alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material also changes monotonically along a predetermined axis across a second part of the display device.
15. A display device according to claim 14 , wherein
the angle of said in-plane component of the alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material changes monotonically along the predetermined axis across the first part of the display device so that directions of maximum light transmission of the display polarizer, the additional polariser and said at least one polar control retarder from points of the first part of the display device in are directed towards a first common optical window in front of the display device, and
the angle of said in-plane component of the alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material changes monotonically along the predetermined axis across the second part of the display device so that directions of maximum light transmission of the display polarizer, the additional polariser and said at least one polar control retarder from points of the second part of the display device are directed towards a second common optical window in front of the display device different from the first common optical window.
16. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein the additional polariser and the at least one polar control retarder are curved with a concave curvature.
17. A display device according to claim 16 , wherein the spatial light modulator is curved with a concave curvature.
18. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal retarder is a switchable liquid crystal retarder further comprising electrodes arranged to apply a voltage for controlling the liquid crystal layer.
19. A display device according to claim 18 , further comprising a control system arranged to control the voltage applied to the electrodes of the switchable liquid crystal retarder.
20. A display device according to claim 18 , wherein the at least one polar control retarder further comprises at least one passive compensation retarder.
21. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein the spatial light modulator is an emissive spatial light modulator and the display polariser is an output polariser arranged on an output side of the emissive spatial light modulator.
22. A display device according to claim 1 , wherein the spatial light modulator is a transmissive spatial light modulator.
23. A display device according to claim 22 , wherein the display polariser is an output polariser arranged on an output side of the transmissive spatial light modulator.
24. A display device according to claim 21 , further comprising a reflective polariser arranged between the output polariser and the at least one polar control retarder, the reflective polariser being a linear polariser arranged to pass the same linearly polarised polarisation component as the output polariser.
25. A display device according to claim 22 , further comprising:
an input polariser arranged on the input side of the spatial light modulator, the input polariser being a linear polariser;
a further additional polariser arranged on the input side of the input polariser; and
at least one further polar control retarder arranged between the output polariser and the further additional polariser, the at least one polar control retarder includes a liquid crystal retarder comprising:
a layer of liquid crystal material; and
two surface alignment layers disposed adjacent to the layer of liquid crystal material and on opposite sides thereof, at least one of the surface alignment layers being arranged to provide alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material with an in-plane component that is in the plane of the layer of liquid crystal material, wherein the angle of said in-plane component of the alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material changes monotonically along a predetermined axis across at least part of the display device.