Methods for the combined sintering and surface treatment of variable geometry turbocharger vanes
A method for fabricating a vane for a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) includes the steps of providing or obtaining a substrate metal in powdered form, mixing a binder with the powdered substrate metal to form a mixture, performing an injection molding process using the mixture to form a green substrate in the shape of the vane, debinding the green substrate to form a brown substrate in the shape of the vane having a porous structure, applying a surface treatment slurry to at least a portion of the brown substrate, and sintering the surface treated brown substrate to form the vane.
1. A method for fabricating a vane for a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT), the method comprising the steps of:
providing or obtaining a substrate metal in powdered form;
mixing a binder with the powdered substrate metal to form a mixture;
performing an injection molding process using the mixture to form a green substrate in the shape of the vane;
debinding the green substrate to form a brown substrate in the shape of the vane having an outer surface and a porous structure that extends from the outer surface into the brown substrate;
applying a surface treatment slurry to at least a portion of the brown substrate including onto the outer surface and into the porous structure including the surface treatment slurry penetrating into the brown substrate a depth of at least about 10 microns, wherein a surface thickness of the surface treatment slurry formed on the brown substrate is from about 10 to about 50 microns above the outer surface; and
sintering the surface treated brown substrate to form the vane.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate metal is a stainless steel.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of: thermoplastic resins, waxes, and/or combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein debinding comprises solvent debinding.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein debinding comprises thermal debinding.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface treatment is selected from the group consisting of: aluminide, chromide, and a cobalt-chromium based alloy.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of masking an area of the surface of the brown substrate prior to applying the surface treatment slurry.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface treatment is applied to an entirety of the brown substrate.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of drying the surface treated brown substrate prior to sintering the surface treated brown substrate.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein, after sintering the surface treated brown substrate, the vane comprises a soft core and an interdiffusion surface treated layer of 50 microns in thickness.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein sintering is performed at a temperature of about 1000° C. to about 1400° C. for a time period of about 0.5 hours to about 12 hours.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing a finishing process on the vane.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the finishing process is selected from surface smoothing, machining, riveting, and/or combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising assembling a turbocharger using the vane.
16. A method for fabricating a vane for a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT), the method comprising the steps of:
providing or obtaining a substrate metal in powdered form, wherein the substrate metal is a stainless steel;
mixing a binder with the powdered substrate metal to form a mixture, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of: thermoplastic resins, waxes, and/or combinations thereof;
performing an injection molding process using the mixture to form a green substrate in the shape of the vane;
debinding the green substrate to form a brown substrate in the shape of the vane having an outer surface and a porous structure that extends from the outer surface into the brown substrate, wherein debinding comprises both solvent debinding and thermal debinding;
applying a surface treatment slurry to at least a portion of the brown substrate including onto the outer surface and into the porous structure including the surface treatment slurry penetrating into the brown substrate a depth of at least about 10 microns, wherein a surface thickness of the surface treatment slurry formed on the brown substrate is from about 10 to about 50 microns above the outer surface, wherein the surface treatment is selected from the group consisting of: aluminide, chromide, and a cobalt-chromium based alloy;
drying the surface treated brown substrate;
sintering the dried, surface treated brown substrate to form the vane, wherein sintering is performed at a temperature of about 1000° C. to about 1400° C. for a time period of about 0.5 hours to about 12 hours, and wherein, after sintering the surface treated brown substrate, the vane comprises a soft core and an interdiffusion surface treated layer of up to about 50 microns in thickness; and
performing a finishing process on the vane.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein sintering is performed at a temperature of about 1100° C. to about 1300° C. for a time period of about 2 hours to about 8 hours.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the finishing process is selected from the group consisting of surface smoothing, machining, riveting, and/or combinations thereof.
20. The method of claim 16 , further comprising assembling a turbocharger using the vane.