AC start, solar run hybrid solution for single phase, starting capacitor, motor applications with solar power measurement
An induction-type AC electric motor system has a variable frequency motor (VFD) drive having at least two outputs, the VFD drive coupled to be powered by a solar input and to power the motor with a switching device in a first setting. With the switching device in a second setting, a run winding of the AC electric motor couples to an AC input and a start winding of the AC motor couples through a capacitor and start switch to the AC input. The system is configured to, upon determining motor start, put the contactor in first setting and use the VFD drive to continue running the motor, and, when the AC motor is not rotating, the system is configured to periodically measure available solar power and to start the AC motor if the available solar power exceeds a first threshold power determined sufficient to run the AC motor.
1. A system comprising:
an AC electric motor of the single-phase induction type;
the AC electric motor having a start winding, and a run winding;
an AC input connection;
a variable frequency motor (VFD) drive having at least a first and a second phase output, the VFD drive coupled to be powered by a solar panel input;
a contactor having at least a first and a second setting;
wherein, with the contactor in the first setting, at least one output of the VFD is connected across the run winding of the AC electric motor; and
with the contactor in the second setting, the run winding of the AC electric motor is coupled to the AC input connection and the start winding of the AC electric motor is coupled through a capacitor and start switch to the AC input connection;
wherein the system is configured to, upon determining that the motor has started rotating, setting the contactor in the first setting, the variable frequency motor drive thereupon being configured to continue running the motor by applying AC voltage across running winding only, the VFD drive configured to use power from the solar panel input; and
when the AC electric motor is not rotating, and motor operation is desired, the system is configured to periodically measure an available solar power and to start the AC electric motor if the available solar power is greater than a first threshold power determined to be sufficient to run the AC electric motor.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the system is configured to measure available solar power by measuring an open-circuit voltage V OC at the solar panel input and a short circuit current I SC at the solar panel input.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein the system is configured to compare the available solar power to a second threshold and, if available solar power is greater than the second threshold, to start the AC electric motor by applying from the VFD drive a first phase AC power to the run winding of the AC electric motor and a second phase AC power to the start winding of the AC electric motor; and, if available solar power is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, to start the AC electric motor by applying power from the AC input connection.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein the first and second thresholds are determined from success or failure of prior attempts to start the AC electric motor.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the solar panel input is coupled to the VFD drive through a DC to DC voltage converter, and where the system is configured to measure the available solar power by coupling a resistor across an output of the DC to DC voltage converter and measuring voltage at the solar panel input and a current at the solar panel input.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein the system is configured to compare the available solar power to a second threshold and, if available solar power is greater than the second threshold, to start the AC electric motor by applying from the VFD drive a first phase AC power to the run winding of the AC electric motor and a second phase AC power to the start winding of the AC electric motor; and, if available solar power is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, to start the AC electric motor by applying power from the AC input connection.
7. The system of claim 5 wherein the first and second thresholds are determined from success or failure of prior attempts to start the AC electric motor.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the system is configured to measure the available solar power by placing the contactor is in the second setting, and applying power from the solar panel input through the VFD drive to the run winding of the induction-type AC electric motor while the AC electric motor is not rotating.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein the system is configured to compare the available solar power to a second threshold and, if available solar power is greater than the second threshold, to start the AC electric motor by applying from the VFD drive a first phase AC power to the run winding of the AC electric motor and a second phase AC power to the start winding of the AC electric motor; and, if available solar power is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, to start the AC electric motor by applying power from the AC input connection.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein the first and second thresholds are determined from success or failure of prior attempts to start the AC electric motor.
11. The system of claim 2 , the system configured to perform maximum power point tracking.
12. The system of claim 5 , the system configured to perform maximum power point tracking.
13. The system of claim 8 , the system configured to perform maximum power point tracking.
14. A method of starting and running an AC induction motor using solar power from a solar power input comprising:
measuring available solar power at the solar power input;
determining whether the available solar power exceeds a first threshold but does not exceed a second threshold, and if the available solar power exceed the first threshold but does not exceed the second threshold, starting the AC induction motor with power from an AC input, and, once the AC induction motor has started switching to run the AC induction motor with a variable frequency motor drive powered by the solar power input;
determining whether the available solar power exceeds the first threshold and exceeds the second threshold, and if the available solar power exceeds the first threshold and exceeds the second threshold, starting the AC induction motor with power from the variable frequency motor drive powered by the solar power input.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the available solar power is determined by shorting across the solar power input and measuring a short circuit current and measuring an open circuit solar power input voltage.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the available solar power is determined by placing a resistive load on a DC-DC converter driven by the solar power input and measuring a voltage at the solar power input.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein the available solar power is determined by applying a voltage through the variable frequency motor drive to a winding of the AC induction motor and measuring a voltage at the solar power input.