Multi-pane electrochromic windows
Window units, for example insulating glass units (IGU's), that have at least two panes, each pane having an electrochromic device thereon, are described. Two optical state devices on each pane of a dual-pane window unit provide window units having four optical states. Window units described allow the end user a greater choice of how much light is transmitted through the electrochromic window. Also, by using two or more window panes, each with its own electrochromic device, registered in a window unit, visual defects in any of the individual devices are negated by virtue of the extremely small likelihood that any of the visual defects will align perfectly and thus be observable to the user.
1. An electrochromic window comprising:
a first substantially transparent substrate comprising a first electrochromic device disposed thereon; and
a second substantially transparent substrate comprising a second electrochromic device disposed thereon;
wherein the first and second substantially transparent substrates are registered, one in front of the other, and the electrochromic window is configured to transition the first electrochromic device and/or the second electrochromic device to provide up to four optical states for the electrochromic window;
wherein the electrochromic window comprises an insulated glass unit having an interior space between the first substantially transparent substrate and the second substantially transparent substrate, the interior space comprising a gas or a vacuum; and
wherein the electrochromic window is configured such that transitions in the first electrochromic device and/or the second electrochromic device are configured to complement each other and to reduce curtaining effect.
2. The electrochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the first electrochromic device and the second electrochromic device are entirely solid state.
3. The electrochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the up to four optical states comprise three optical states configured to provide:
(i) transmittance through the electrochromic window of between about 60% and about 90%;
ii) transmittance through the electrochromic window of between about 15% and about 30%; and
iii) transmittance through the electrochromic window of between about 5% and about 10%.
4. The electrochromic window of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second electrochromic devices is on a surface facing an interior region of the insulated glass unit.
5. The electrochromic window of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second substantially transparent substrates comprises one or more of an ultraviolet absorbing and/or reflecting coating, an infrared absorbing and/or reflecting coating, and a low emissivity coating.
6. The electrochromic window of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second electrochromic devices comprises an electrochromic layer comprising tungsten oxide or doped tungsten oxide and a counter electrode layer comprising nickel tungsten oxide.
7. The electrochromic window of claim 6 , wherein the counter electrode layer comprises tantalum.
8. The electrochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the up to four optical states include an optical state configured to provide transmittance through the electrochromic window of between about 0.1% and about 5%.
9. The electrochromic window of claim 1 , further comprising a controller in electrical communication with the first electrochromic device and the second electrochromic device.
10. The electrochromic window of claim 9 , wherein the controller is configured to cause sharing of electrical charge between the first electrochromic device and the second electrochromic device.
11. The electrochromic window of claim 9 , wherein the controller comprises instructions for carrying out charge sharing operations between the first electrochromic device and the second electrochromic device.
12. The electrochromic window of claim 9 , wherein the up to four optical states include at least four optical states.
13. The electrochromic window of claim 1 , further comprising a sealing separator disposed between the first substantially transparent substrate and the second substantially transparent substrate.
14. A method of operating an electrochromic window comprising a first substantially transparent substrate having a first electrochromic device disposed thereon and a second substantially transparent substrate having a second electrochromic device disposed thereon, wherein the electrochromic window comprises an insulated glass unit having an interior space between the first substantially transparent substrate and the second substantially transparent substrate, the interior space comprising a gas or a vacuum, the method comprising:
sharing electrical charge between the first electrochromic device and the second electrochromic device; and
transitioning the first electrochromic device and/or the second electrochromic device such that the electrochromic window transitions between two of up to four optical states, wherein transitions in the first electrochromic device and/or the second electrochromic device are configured to complement each other and to reduce curtaining effect.
15. The electrochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the first electrochromic device comprises a first pair of separate bus bars and the second substantially transparent substrate comprises a second pair separate bus bars.
16. The electrochromic window of claim 15 , wherein the first pair of separate bus bars and the second pair of separate bus bars are configured to deliver power such that transitions in the first electrochromic device and the second electrochromic device complement each other and reduce curtaining effect.
17. The electrochromic window of claim 15 , wherein the first pair of separate bus bars are along opposing edges of the first electrochromic device and the second pair of separate bus bars are along opposing edges of the second electrochromic device.