Linear photonic processors and related methods
Photonic processors are described. The photonic processors described herein are configured to perform matrix-matrix (e.g., matrix-vector) multiplication. Some embodiments relate to photonic processors arranged according to a dual-rail architecture, in which numeric values are encoded in the difference between a pair optical signals (e.g., in the difference between the powers of the optical signals). Relative to other architectures, these photonic processors exhibit increased immunity to noise. Some embodiments relate to photonic processors including modulatable detector-based multipliers. Modulatable detectors are detectors designed so that the photocurrent can be modulated according to an electrical control signal. Photonic processors designed using modulatable detector-based multipliers are significantly more compact than other types of photonic processors.
1. A method for performing a mathematical operation comprising:
receiving an input optical signal;
obtaining a first numeric value and a second numeric value;
generating an encoded optical signal by modifying the input optical signal using the first numeric value;
generating a photocurrent at least in part by:
detecting the encoded optical signal using a modulatable detector, and
setting a characteristic of the modulatable detector based on the second value; and obtaining a result of the mathematical operation using the photocurrent.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modulatable detector comprises a photodetector, and wherein setting the characteristic of the modulatable detector based on the second value comprises setting a responsivity of the photodetector based on the second value.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining the result comprises obtaining a product of the first numeric value times the second numeric value.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modulatable detector comprises a control capacitor, and wherein setting the characteristic of the modulatable detector comprises setting a voltage applied to the control capacitor.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the control capacitor comprises a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor (MOS cap), and wherein setting the voltage applied to the control capacitor comprises setting the voltage applied to the MOS cap.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the encoded optical signal comprises passing the input optical signal through an optical modulator.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modulatable detector comprises a photodetector and a transistor, and wherein setting the characteristic of the modulatable detector comprises setting a voltage applied to the transistor.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modulatable detector comprises a photodetector and a gain stage, and wherein setting the characteristic of the modulatable detector based on the second value comprises setting a current gain of the gain stage based on the second value.
9. A photonic device configured to perform a mathematical operation comprising:
an optical encoder;
a modulatable detector coupled to an output of the optical encoder; and
a controller coupled to both the optical encoder and the modulatable detector, the controller being configured to:
obtain a first numeric value and a second numeric value,
control the optical encoder to generate an encoded optical signal by modifying an input optical signal using the first numeric value,
control the modulatable detector to generate a photocurrent in response to receiving the encoded optical signal, wherein controlling the modulatable detector comprises setting a characteristic of the modulatable detector based on the second numeric value, and
obtain a result of the mathematical operation using the photocurrent.
10. The photonic device of claim 9 , wherein the modulatable detector comprises a photodetector, and wherein setting the characteristic of the modulatable detector based on the second value comprises setting a responsivity of the photodetector based on the second value.
11. The photonic device of claim 9 , wherein the modulatable detector comprises a photo-absorption region and a control capacitor positioned adjacent to the photo-absorption region.
12. The photonic device of claim 11 , wherein the control capacitor comprises a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor (MOS cap).
13. The photonic device of claim 9 , wherein the modulatable detector comprises:
a first photodetector and a second photodetector;
first and second transistors both coupled to the first photodetector; and
third and fourth transistors both coupled to the second photodetector.
14. The photonic device of claim 13 , wherein the first photodetector is coupled to respective sources of the first and second transistors, and wherein the first transistor and the third transistor have drains that are coupled to each other.
15. The photonic device of claim 13 , wherein the first and third transistors are arranged as an inverter, and wherein the first photodetector is coupled to respective sources of the first and second transistors.
16. The photonic device of claim 13 , wherein the first photodetector is further coupled to the third and fourth transistors and the second photodetector is further coupled to the first and second transistors, and wherein the first transistor and the second transistor have drains that are coupled to each other and sources that are coupled to each other.
17. The photonic device of claim 9 , wherein the modulatable detector comprises:
a first photodetector and a second photodetector;
first and second transistors both coupled to the first photodetector; and
a node coupled to the first and second photodetectors and further coupled to the first and second transistors.
18. The photonic device of claim 9 , wherein the modulatable detector comprises a photodetector and a plurality of transistors, and wherein the photodetector and the plurality of transistors are formed on a common semiconductor substrate.
19. The photonic device of claim 9 , wherein the modulatable detector comprises a plurality of balanced photodetectors and a plurality of transistors arranged differentially.