Pigmented polymer particles and methods of production and uses thereof
Pigmented polymer particles may comprise a thermoplastic polymer and a pigment, wherein at least some of the pigmented polymer particles have a morphology according to (a), (b), (c), or any combination thereof: (a) the pigment having a coating comprising the thermoplastic polymer and the coated pigment adhered to a thermoplastic polymer particle, (b) the pigment being embedded in an outer surface of the thermoplastic polymer particle, and (c) the pigment being encapsulated by the thermoplastic polymer particle. The pigmented polymer particles, especially the highly spherical pigmented polymer particles, may be useful, among other things, as starting material for additive manufacturing. For example, a method may comprise: depositing, upon a surface, the foregoing pigmented polymer particles optionally in combination with other thermoplastic polymer particles; and once deposited, heating at least a portion of the particles to promote consolidation thereof and form a consolidated body.
1. A method comprising:
providing a mixture comprising a thermoplastic polymer, a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the thermoplastic polymer, a pigment, and an emulsion stabilizer;
wherein the emulsion stabilizer comprises nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of oxide nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, and any combination thereof;
applying shear to the mixture at a temperature greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer and at a shear rate sufficiently high to disperse the thermoplastic polymer in the carrier fluid as droplets;
cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer to form pigmented polymer particles comprising the thermoplastic polymer, the pigment, and the nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are coated upon an outer surface of the pigmented polymer particles, and wherein at least some of the pigmented polymer particles have a morphology according to (a), (b), (c), or any combination thereof:
(a) the pigment being coated by the thermoplastic polymer to define a coated pigment, and the coated pigment being adhered to the outer surface,
(b) the pigment being embedded in the outer surface, and
(c) the pigment being encapsulated by the thermoplastic polymer below the outer surface; and
separating the pigmented polymer particles from the carrier fluid;
wherein the pigmented polymer particles have a D10 of about 0.1 μm to about 125 μm, a D50 of about 0.5 μm to about 200 μm, and a D90 of about 3 μm to about 300 μm, wherein D10<D50<D90.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pigment comprises a first pigment and a second pigment that are different from one another.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pigmented polymer particles comprise 0.01 wt % to 30 wt % of the pigment based on a weight of the thermoplastic polymer in the pigmented polymer particles.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the outer surface.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pigmented polymer particles have a diameter span of about 0.2 to about 10.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pigmented polymer particles have a circularity of about 0.90 to about 1.0.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pigmented polymer particles have a Hausner ratio of about 1.0 to about 1.5.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise silica nanoparticles.
9. A method comprising:
providing a mixture comprising a thermoplastic polymer, a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the thermoplastic polymer, a pigment, and an emulsion stabilizer;
wherein the emulsion stabilizer comprises nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of oxide nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, and any combination thereof; and
wherein the carrier fluid is selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil, a fluorinated silicone oil, a perfluorinated silicone oil, a polyethylene glycol, an alkyl-terminal polyethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, a paraffin, a liquid petroleum jelly, a vison oil, a turtle oil, a soya bean oil, perhydrosqualene, a sweet almond oil, a calophyllum oil, a palm oil, a parleam oil, a grapeseed oil, a sesame oil, a maize oil, a rapeseed oil, a sunflower oil, a cottonseed oil, an apricot oil, a castor oil, an avocado oil, a jojoba oil, an olive oil, a cereal germ oil, an ester of lanolic acid, an ester of oleic acid, an ester of lauric acid, an ester of stearic acid, a fatty ester, a fatty acid, a fatty alcohol, a polysiloxane modified with fatty acids, a polysiloxane modified with fatty alcohols, a polysiloxane modified with polyoxyalkylenes, and any combination thereof;
applying shear to the mixture at a temperature greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer and at a shear rate sufficiently high to disperse the thermoplastic polymer in the carrier fluid as droplets;
cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer to form pigmented polymer particles comprising the thermoplastic polymer, the pigment, and the nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are coated upon an outer surface of the pigmented polymer particles, and wherein at least some of the pigmented polymer particles have a morphology according to (a), (b), (c), or any combination thereof:
(a) the pigment being coated by the thermoplastic polymer to define a coated pigment, and the coated pigment being adhered to the outer surface,
(b) the pigment being embedded in the outer surface, and
(c) the pigment being encapsulated by the thermoplastic polymer below the outer surface; and
separating the pigmented polymer particles from the carrier fluid.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pigmented polymer particles have a diameter span of about 0.2 to about 1.2.