Additive manufactured dental implants and methods thereof

1. A dental implant, comprising:

a non-porous head portion at a coronal end of the dental implant, the non-porous head portion having an interior portion extending apically from the non-porous head portion;

a non-porous apical portion at an apical end of the dental implant; and

a porous middle portion positioned between the non-porous head portion and the non-porous apical portion, the porous middle portion including a porous structure, wherein a porosity of the porous structure varies along a longitudinal axis of the non-porous head portion, the non-porous apical portion, and the porous middle portion, wherein the porous middle portion includes at least one thread, the at least one thread including a crest region, first and second flank regions on either side of the crest region, and first and second porous root regions extending from the first and second flank regions, respectively, wherein the first and second porous root regions, first and second flank regions, and crest region are adjacent to one another at a selected location along the at least one thread, wherein a porosity of the crest region is less than a porosity of each of the first and second porous root regions, and wherein a porosity of the thread extending from each of the first and second porous root regions to the crest region is non-uniform.

2. The dental implant of claim 1 , wherein a first porosity of the porous structure proximal to the non-porous head portion is less than a second porosity proximal to the non-porous apical portion.

3. The dental implant of claim 1 , wherein the entire threaded region comprises the porous structure.

4. The dental implant of claim 1 , wherein a cross-section of the porous middle portion includes a non-porous core and wherein the porosity of the porous structure is non-uniform throughout the porous structure.

5. The dental implant of claim 1 , wherein a cross-section of the porous middle portion includes one or more reinforcement members and wherein the porosity of the porous structure changes in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

6. The dental implant of claim 5 , wherein the reinforcement members extend from the non-porous head portion to the non-porous apical portion and wherein a first porosity proximal to an external surface of the porous structure is lower than a second porosity of an interior portion of the porous structure proximal to the longitudinal axis.

7. The dental implant of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the non-porous head portion and the non-porous apical portion includes a thread and wherein a first porosity of the porous structure proximal to the non-porous head portion is less than a second porosity proximal to the non-porous apical portion.

8. The dental implant of claim 1 , wherein the crest region and a portion of the first or second flank region are non-porous.

9. The dental implant of claim 1 , wherein a porosity of the crest region of the thread is less than a porosity of each of the first and second flank regions.

10. A method of forming a dental implant, comprising:

using an additive manufacturing technique to form the dental implant including:

a non-porous head portion at a coronal end of the dental implant, the non-porous head portion having an interior portion extending apically from the non-porous head portion;

a non-porous apical portion at an apical end of the dental implant; and

a porous middle portion positioned between the non-porous head portion and the non-porous apical portion, the porous middle portion including a porous structure, wherein a porosity of the porous structure varies along a longitudinal axis of the non-porous head portion, the non-porous apical portion, and the porous middle portion, wherein the porous middle portion includes at least one thread, the at least one thread including a crest region, first and second porous flank regions on either side of the crest region, and first and second root regions extending from the first and second porous flank regions, respectively, wherein the first and second root regions, first and second porous flank regions, and crest region are adjacent to one another at a selected location along the at least one thread, and wherein a porosity of the crest region is less than a porosity of each of the first and second porous flank regions.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the additive manufacturing technique is selected laser melting additive manufacturing and wherein the porosity of the porous structure proximal to the non-porous head portion is less than the porosity proximal to the non-porous apical portion.

12. The method of claim 10 wherein the additive manufacturing technique is laser metal deposition additive manufacturing and wherein the porosity of the porous structure is non-uniform throughout the porous structure.

13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the additive manufacturing technique is electron beam additive manufacturing and wherein the porosity of the porous structure changes in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the porous middle portion includes a non-porous section and the porous structure.

15. The method of claim 10 , further including:

machining at least one of the non-porous head portion, the non-porous apical portion, and the porous middle portion to form the thread on the porous middle portion, and wherein a porosity of the crest region is less than a porosity of the first and second root regions.

16. The method of claim 10 , wherein a first porosity proximal to an external surface of the porous structure is lower than a second porosity of an interior portion of the porous structure proximal to the longitudinal axis and further including:

machining a portion of the non-porous head portion to include an abutment connection geometry.

17. A dental implant, comprising:

a non-porous head portion at a coronal end of the dental implant, the non-porous head portion having an interior portion extending apically from the non-porous head portion;

a non-porous apical portion at an apical end of the dental implant; and

a porous middle portion positioned between the non-porous head portion and the non-porous apical portion, the porous middle portion including non-porous section and a porous structure, wherein a porosity of the porous structure varies along a longitudinal axis of the porous middle portion and wherein the non-porous head portion, non-porous apical portion, and porous middle porous are integral with each other and formed via an additive manufacturing method, wherein the porous middle portion includes at least one thread, the at least one thread including a crest region, first and second flank regions positioned on either side of the crest region, and first and second porous root regions extending from the first and second flank regions, respectively, wherein the first and second porous root regions, first and second flank regions, and crest region are adjacent to one another at a selected location along the at least one thread, wherein a porosity of the crest region is less than a porosity of one or both of the first and second porous root regions, and wherein a porosity of the thread extending from each of the first and second porous root regions to the crest region is non-uniform.

18. The dental implant of claim 17 , wherein the non-porous section of the porous middle portion includes at least one reinforcement member extending within the porous structure from the non-porous head portion to the non-porous apical portion and wherein the porosity of the porous structure proximal to the non-porous head portion is less than the porosity proximal to the non-porous apical portion.

19. The dental implant of claim 17 , wherein the non-porous section of the porous middle portion includes at least one threaded reinforcement member forming a portion of an external surface and extending from the non-porous head portion to the non-porous apical portion and wherein the porosity of the porous structure is non-uniform throughout the porous structure.