Pulse plating of lithium material in electrochemical devices
The present invention is directed to battery system and operation thereof. In an embodiment, lithium material is plated onto the anode region of a lithium secondary battery cell by a pulsed current. The pulse current may have both positive and negative polarity. One of the polarities causes lithium material to plate onto the anode region, and the opposite polarity causes lithium dendrites to be removed. There are other embodiments as well.
1. A lithium battery device comprising:
a lithiated cathode region having a first surface and a second surface;
a first current collector overlying the first surface, the first current collector overlaying the first surface of the lithiated cathode region;
a solid electrolyte region having a third surface and a fourth surface, the third surface interfacing the second surface, the solid electrolyte region being characterized by a ionic conductivity of at least 10 −7 S/cm, wherein the solid electrolyte region comprises a ceramic electrolyte material, wherein the ceramic electrolyte includes a garnet of Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 ;
an anode region having a fifth surface and a sixth surface, the fifth surface interfacing the fourth surface;
a second current collector overlaying the sixth surface;
wherein the anode region is formed by in-situ application of at least one current pulse between the first current collector and the second current collector;
wherein the second current collector includes a layer of a metal that enhances plating uniformity, wherein the layer of a metal that enhances plating uniformity comprises a metal selected from indium, aluminum, or magnesium, wherein the layer of a metal that enhances plating uniformity is disposed on the second current collector.
2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a dendrite layer within the proximity of the anode region, the current pulse being configured to remove at least a part of the dendrite layer.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the anode region is characterized by a variable thickness, the variable thickness being associated with a state of charge of the lithium battery device.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the anode region is characterized by a variable thickness, the variable thickness being associated with the first pulse current.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the anode region is characterized by a variable thickness, the variable thickness being associated with a number of life cycles of the lithium battery device.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the anode region is characterized by a variable thickness and further comprises a sensor for monitoring a state of charge.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic electrolyte material includes CsPF 6 , HF, or combinations thereof.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second current collector further comprises a layer that improves adhesion between the second current collector and the solid electrolyte region.