Systems and methods for therapeutic intrathoracic pressure regulation
Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for delivering respiratory treatment to a patient. For example, a treatment system may include a mechanism for delivering a positive pressure breath to a patient, and one or more limb flow control assemblies which modulate gas flow to and from the patient. Exemplary treatment techniques are embodied in anesthesia machines, mechanical ventilators, and manual ventilators.
1. A method of providing intrathoracic pressure regulation to a patient, comprising:
coupling the patient's airway to a ventilation source;
coupling the patient's airway to a gas mover configured to allow retrograde airflow from the ventilation source to the patient's airway while simultaneously compelling airflow from the patient's airway;
providing positive pressure to the patient's airway from the ventilation source during operation of the gas mover; and
lowering intrathoracic pressure within the patient's chest during ventilation using the gas mover.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein coupling the patient's airway to the gas mover comprises coupling the patient's airway to one of an impeller, a reciprocating pump, a turbine, a venturi, a centrifugal blower, and a roots blower.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein coupling the patient's airway to the gas mover comprises coupling the patient's airway to an impeller.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the impeller is operatively associated with a motor.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the gas mover is operatively associated with the motor by way of a magnetic clutch.
6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the gas mover is separable from the motor and is disposable.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein providing positive pressure to the patient's airway from the ventilation source comprises providing positive pressure to the patient's airway from a manual bag valve mask mechanism, a mechanical ventilator machine, or an anesthesia machine.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein providing positive pressure to the patient's airway from the ventilation source comprises providing a respiratory cycle duration of about 5 seconds.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein lowering intrathoracic pressure within the patient's chest during ventilation comprises extracting air from the patient's airway at a constant rate using the gas mover, thereby allowing for intermittent airflow from the ventilation source to the patient's airway.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein lowering intrathoracic pressure within the patient's chest during ventilation comprises providing a continuous pressure differential with the gas mover in a range from about 0 cm H 2 O to about 16 cm H 2 O.
11. The method according to claim 10 , comprising providing a continuous pressure differential in a range from about 3 cm H 2 O to about 16 cm H 2 O.
12. The method according to claim 10 , comprising providing a continuous pressure differential in a range from about 12 cm H 2 O to about 16 cm H 2 O.
13. The method according to claim 1 , comprising maintaining the intrathoracic pressure within the patient's chest at or below atmospheric pressure.
14. The method according to claim 1 , comprising monitoring the patient's airway pressure between the gas mover and the patient, and controlling operation of the gas mover based on the monitored pressure.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein monitoring the airway pressure comprises monitoring a pressure sensor positioned between the patient's airway and the gas mover, and wherein operation of the gas mover is controlled by a processor in communication with the pressure sensor.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein coupling the patient's airway to the gas mover comprises coupling the gas mover between the patient's airway and the ventilation source.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the gas mover comprises:
a housing;
a first outlet arranged at a first end of the housing and coupled to the patient's airway;
a second outlet arranged at a second end of the housing and coupled to the ventilation source; and
a fluid-flow path arranged within the housing between the first outlet and the second outlet,
wherein one of an impeller, a reciprocating pump, a turbine, a venturi, a centrifugal blower, and a roots blower, is positioned within the fluid-flow path.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein coupling the patient's airway to the gas mover comprises positioning the one of an impeller, a reciprocating pump, a turbine, a venturi, a centrifugal blower, and a roots blower, within the fluid-flow path such that the retrograde airflow from the ventilation source to the patient's airway passes between the one of an impeller, a reciprocating pump, a turbine, a venturi, a centrifugal blower, and a roots blower, and the housing.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the patient is spontaneously breathing.
20. The method according to claim 1 , comprising providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation following the intrathoracic pressure regulation.