Soft tissue repair and methods for preparing same
Allografts for soft tissue repair, including breast reconstruction and other plastic surgery procedures, are disclosed. One allograft is made from decellularized dermal tissue and constitutes a collagen matrix having substantially uniform density and porosity. Another allograft is a hybrid bilayer tissue form that is made from decellularized dermal and adipose tissues. Methods for making both allografts are also disclosed.
1. A method for forming an allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form, comprising the steps of: (1) providing a donor tissue including a skin having (a) an epidermis; (b) a dermis underlying the epidermis, the dermis including a papillary dermis adjacent the epidermis, a reticular dermis distal to the epidermis, and a papillary-reticular dermis interface between the papillary dermis and reticular dermis; and (c) at least a portion of a hypodermis adipose tissue underlying the reticular dermis of (b) the dermis; (2) making a cut into the reticular dermis at a location proximate the hypodermis, and along a plane substantially parallel to the papillary-reticular dermis interface; and (3) removing and retaining at least a portion of the hypodermis adipose tissue and a portion of the reticular dermis attached to the hypodermis adipose tissue to form said allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form such that said allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form includes both a dermal side which is formed by the portion of the reticular dermis, and an adipose side which is formed by said at least a portion of the hypodermis adipose tissue.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adding cells to the allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adding one or more biological s substances to the allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adding one or more reinforcing elements to the allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of chemically modifying the allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form.
6. An allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form for use in surgical procedures comprising a dermal side and an adipose side, wherein said allograft hybrid layer tissue form is derived from a donor skin tissue which comprised (a) an epidermis; (b) a dermis underlying the epidermis, the dermis including a papillary dermis adjacent the epidermis, a reticular dermis distal to the epidermis, and a papillary-reticular dermis interface between the papillary dermis and reticular dermis; and (c) at least a portion of a hypodermis adipose tissue underlying the reticular dermis of (b) the dermis, wherein the dermal side of said tissue form is formed by a portion of the reticular dermis and the adipose side of said tissue form is formed by said at least a portion of hypodermis, and wherein the allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form essentially lacks an epidermis, a papillary dermis, papillary-reticular dermis interface, and a portion of the reticular dermis attached to the papillary- reticular dermis interface.
7. The allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form of claim 6 , wherein said allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form is in particulate form.
8. The allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form of claim 6 , wherein said allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form is perforated.
9. The allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form of claim 6 , wherein said allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form is in mesh form.
10. The allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form of claim 6 , further comprising cells.
11. The allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form of claim 10 , wherein said cells include one or more of the group consisting of stem cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, myoblasts and keratinocytes.
12. The allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form of claim 6 , further comprising one or more biological substances.
13. The allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form of claim 12 , wherein said one or more biological substances are selected from the group consisting of platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate, and other allograft tissue forms.
14. The allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form of claim 6 , further comprising reinforcing elements.
15. The allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form of claim 14 , wherein said reinforcing elements are absorbable fibers.
16. The allograft hybrid bilayer tissue form of claim 14 , wherein said reinforcing elements are non-absorbable fibers.