Electrode plate, electrochemical apparatus, battery module, battery pack, and device
This application relates to an electrode plate that includes a current collector and an electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector. The current collector includes a support layer and a conductive layer disposed on at least one surface of the support layer. A single-side thickness D2 of the conductive layer satisfies 30 nm≤D2≤3 μm, a conductive primer layer including a conductive material and a bonding agent is further disposed between the current collector and the electrode active material layer. The bonding agent in the conductive primer layer includes a water-based bonding agent. The electrode plate in this application has good machinability. An electrochemical apparatus including the electrode plate has high energy density, good electrical performance, and long-term reliability.
1. An electrode plate, comprising:
a current collector comprising:
a support layer; and
at least one metal conductive layer disposed on at least one surface of the support layer, the metal conductive layer consisting of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium, silver, nickel-copper alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, and any combinations thereof;
a conductive primer layer disposed on the at least one metal conductive layer and away from the support layer, the conductive primer layer comprising a conductive material and a bonding agent, the bonding agent comprising a water-based bonding agent;
an electrode active material layer disposed on the conductive primer layer,
wherein a single-side thickness D2 of the metal conductive layer satisfies 30 nm≤ D2≤3 μm; and
two protection layers respectively disposed between the at least one metal conductive layer and the support layer and between the at least one metal conductive layer and the conductive primer layer; and a total thickness D3 of the two protection layers satisfies D3<1/10 D2 and 1 nm<D3<200 nm.
2. The electrode plate according to claim 1 , wherein
a material of the support layer is selected from at least one of an insulating polymeric material, an insulating polymeric composite material, a conductive polymeric material, and a conductive polymeric composite material;
the insulating polymeric material is selected from at least one of poly amide, polyterephthalate, polyimide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, aramid fiber, polydiformylphenylenediamine, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polybutylene terephthalate, poly-p-phenylene terephthamide, poly(p-phenylene ether), polyoxymethylene, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, p-phenylene sulfide, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicon rubber, polycarbonate, cellulose and a derivative thereof, amylum and a derivative thereof, protein and a derivative thereof, polyvinyl alcohol and a crosslinking agent thereof, and polyethylene glycol and a crosslinking agent thereof;
the insulating polymeric composite material is formed by an insulating polymeric material and an inorganic material, wherein the inorganic material is selected from at least one of a ceramic material, a glass material, and a ceramic composite material;
the conductive polymeric material is a polymeric polysulfur nitride material, or a doped conjugated polymeric material selected from at least one of polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polythiophene;
the conductive polymeric composite material formed by an insulating polymeric material and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material is selected from at least one of a conductive carbon material, a metal material, and a composite conductive material, the conductive carbon material is selected from at least one of carbon black, a carbon nano-tube, graphite, acetylene black, and graphene, the metal material is selected from at least one of nickel, iron, copper, aluminum, or an alloy thereof, and the composite conductive material is selected from at least one of nickel-coated graphite powder and nickel-coated carbon fiber.
3. The electrode plate according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness DI of the support layer satisfies 1 μm≤ DI≤ 30 μm; and a room-temperature Young's modulus E of the support layer satisfies 20 Gpa≥ E≥ 4 Gpa.
4. The electrode plate according to claim 1 , wherein the single-side thickness D2 of the metal conductive layer satisfies 300 nm≤ D2≤ 2 μm.
5. The electrode plate according to claim 1 , wherein a weight percentage of the conductive material is 10% to 99%; and
a weight percentage of the bonding agent is 1% to 90%.
6. The electrode plate according to claim 1 , wherein the water-based bonding agent is selected from at least one of water-based PVDF, polyacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, polyacrylic-acid-polyacrylonitrile copolymer, and polyacrylate-polyacrylonitrile copolymer, and the water-based bonding agent accounts for 30% to 100% of a total weight of the bonding agent in the conductive primer layer;
the conductive material is at least one of a conductive carbon material and a metal material, wherein the conductive carbon material is selected from at least one of acetylene black, conductive carbon black, carbon nano-tube, conductive graphite, graphene, and reduced graphene oxide, and the metal material is selected from at least one of aluminum powder, iron powder, and silver powder.
7. The electrode plate according to claim 1 , wherein a single-side thickness H of the conductive primer layer is 0.1 μm to 5 μm; and a ratio of H to D2 is 0.5:1 to 5:1.
8. The electrode plate according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode active material layer comprises an electrode active material, a bonding agent, and a conductive agent; an average particle diameter D50 of the electrode active material is 5 μm to 15 μm; and based on a total weight of the electrode active material layer, a content of the bonding agent in the electrode active material layer is not less than 1 wt %.
9. A battery module, comprising a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, and an electrolyte, wherein each of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate comprises:
a current collector comprising:
a support layer; and
at least one metal conductive layer disposed on at least one surface of the support layer, the metal conductive layer consisting of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium, silver, nickel-copper alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, and any combinations thereof;
a conductive primer layer disposed on the at least one metal conductive layer and away from the support layer, the conductive primer layer comprising a conductive material and a bonding agent, the bonding agent comprising a water-based bonding agent;
an electrode active material layer disposed on the conductive primer layer,
wherein a single-side thickness D2 of the metal conductive layer satisfies 30 nm≤ D2≤ 3 μm; and
two protection layers respectively disposed between the at least one metal conductive layer and the support layer and between the at least one metal conductive layer and the conductive primer layer; and a total thickness D3 of the two protection layers satisfies D3<1/10 D2 and 1 nm<D3 <200 nm.
10. The battery module according to claim 9 , wherein
a material of the support layer is selected from at least one of an insulating polymeric material, an insulating polymeric composite material, a conductive polymeric material, and a conductive polymeric composite material;
the insulating polymeric material is selected from at least one of poly amide, polyterephthalate, polyimide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, aramid fiber, polydiformylphenylenediamine, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polybutylene terephthalate, poly-p-phenylene terephthamide, poly(p-phenylene ether), polyoxymethylene, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, p-phenylene sulfide, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicon rubber, polycarbonate, cellulose and a derivative thereof, amylum and a derivative thereof, protein and a derivative thereof, polyvinyl alcohol and a crosslinking agent thereof, and polyethylene glycol and a crosslinking agent thereof;
the insulating polymeric composite material is formed by an insulating polymeric material and an inorganic material, wherein the inorganic material is selected from at least one of a ceramic material, a glass material, and a ceramic composite material;
the conductive polymeric material is a polymeric polysulfur nitride material, or a doped conjugated polymeric material selected from at least one of polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polythiophene;
the conductive polymeric composite material formed by an insulating polymeric material and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material is selected from at least one of a conductive carbon material, a metal material, and a composite conductive material, the conductive carbon material is selected from at least one of carbon black, a carbon nano-tube, graphite, acetylene black, and graphene, the metal material is selected from at least one of nickel, iron, copper, aluminum, or an alloy thereof, and the composite conductive material is selected from at least one of nickel-coated graphite powder and nickel-coated carbon fiber.
11. The battery module according to claim 9 , wherein a thickness DI of the support layer satisfies 1 μm≤ DI≤ 30 μm; and a room-temperature Young's modulus E of the support layer satisfies 20 Gpa≥ E≥ 4 Gpa.
12. The battery module according to claim 9 , wherein the single-side thickness D2 of the metal conductive layer satisfies 300 nm≤ D2≤ 2 μm.
13. The battery module according to claim 9 , wherein a weight percentage of the conductive material is 10% to 99%; and
a weight percentage of the bonding agent is 1% to 90%.
14. The battery module according to claim 9 , wherein the water-based bonding agent is selected from at least one of water-based PVDF, polyacrylic acid, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, polyacrylic-acid-polyacrylonitrile copolymer, and polyacrylate-polyacrylonitrile copolymer, and the water-based bonding agent accounts for 30% to 100% of a total weight of the bonding agent in the conductive primer layer;
the conductive material is at least one of a conductive carbon material and a metal material, wherein the conductive carbon material is selected from at least one of acetylene black, conductive carbon black, carbon nano-tube, conductive graphite, graphene, and reduced graphene oxide, and the metal material is selected from at least one of aluminum powder, iron powder, and silver powder.
15. The battery module according to claim 9 , wherein a single-side thickness H of the conductive primer layer is 0.1 μm to 5 μm; and a ratio of H to D2 is 0.5:1 to 5:1.
16. The battery module according to claim 9 , wherein the electrode active material layer comprises an electrode active material, a bonding agent, and a conductive agent; an average particle diameter D50 of the electrode active material is 5 μm to 15 μm; and based on a total weight of the electrode active material layer, a content of the bonding agent in the electrode active material layer is not less than 1 wt %.
17. The electrode plate according to claim 1 , wherein the two protection layers comprise metal or metal oxide or both.
18. The battery module according to claim 9 , wherein the two protection layers comprise metal or metal oxide or both.